{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/120480"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/120480","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Electrochemical analysis of interface structures and functionalization in graphitic carbons for Na-ion and flow battery electrodes","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-05-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-05-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sarbapalli, Dipobrato"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Materials Science & Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Rodríguez-López, Joaquín","Shoemaker, Daniel","Braun, Paul","Zhang, Yingjie"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-05","date_published":"2023-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:57Z","subjects":["Graphitic Carbon","Graphene","Interfaces","Sodium-ion","Redox Flow","Secm","Batteries","Electrodes"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright Dipobrato Sarbapalli"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120480","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Rodríguez-López, Joaquín","Shoemaker, Daniel","Braun, Paul","Zhang, Yingjie"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sarbapalli, Dipobrato"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2023-05","2023-01-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Materials Science & Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Graphitic Carbon","Graphene","Interfaces","Sodium-ion","Redox Flow","Secm","Batteries","Electrodes"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright Dipobrato Sarbapalli"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120480"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-05-01","The student, Dipobrato Sarbapalli, accepted the attached license on 2023-01-03 at 00:06.","The student, Dipobrato Sarbapalli, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2023-01-03 at 00:09.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2023-01-05 at 10:18.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #18814 on 2023-09-01 at 17:18:48","The current state of energy storage in the world currently relies heavily on the use of relatively mature technologies such as Li-ion batteries. However, with scarcities of raw Li reserves and supply chain constraints, future electrochemical energy storage scenario involves having a diverse set of batteries, each dedicated to its niche application, thereby creating a holistic electrochemical energy storage ecosystem. These new technologies need to be developed with earth-abundant materials such as carbon. The objective of my Ph.D. dissertation is to focus on understanding how carbon interfaces influence electron and ion transfer within two upcoming energy storage technologies: Na-ion (NiBs) and non-aqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs). Electrochemical analysis of these new systems necessitates robust experimental setups, with the reference electrode often a shortcoming in non-aqueous measurements. Chapter 2 of this thesis describes the use of a polypyrrole solid-state reference which can be utilized across non-aqueous systems, and in harsh oxidizing/reducing environments. To incorporate graphite anodes in Na-ion batteries, Chapter 3 describes a fluorine-surface modifier approach, which stabilizes sodium intercalated graphite structures. Likewise, Chapter 4 compares how interphases evolve in terms of graphite electrode passivation in Li, Na, and K electrolytes, which is critical in understanding performance limitations of Na-ion and K-ion batteries, compared to Li-ion. Chapter 5 focuses on NRFBs; specifically on understanding how interfacial processes affect electron transfer using in situ scanning electrochemical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Chapter 6 describes a rapid, SECM-based “spot-analysis” approach to obtain a quantitative understanding of electron-transfer kinetics as a function of electrode potential. Finally, Chapter 7 explores the interplay between graphite electrode structure and heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics. In summary, this dissertation is written to improve the understanding of how carbon surface structure and functionalization affect the electron and ion transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface of nascent battery technologies such as NiBs and NRFBs."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Electrochemical analysis of interface structures and functionalization in graphitic carbons for Na-ion and flow battery electrodes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Rodríguez-López, Joaquín","Shoemaker, Daniel","Braun, Paul","Zhang, Yingjie"],"dc:creator":["Sarbapalli, Dipobrato"],"dc:date":["2023-05","2023-01-05"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-05-01","The student, Dipobrato Sarbapalli, accepted the attached license on 2023-01-03 at 00:06.","The student, Dipobrato Sarbapalli, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2023-01-03 at 00:09.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2023-01-05 at 10:18.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #18814 on 2023-09-01 at 17:18:48","The current state of energy storage in the world currently relies heavily on the use of relatively mature technologies such as Li-ion batteries. However, with scarcities of raw Li reserves and supply chain constraints, future electrochemical energy storage scenario involves having a diverse set of batteries, each dedicated to its niche application, thereby creating a holistic electrochemical energy storage ecosystem. These new technologies need to be developed with earth-abundant materials such as carbon. The objective of my Ph.D. dissertation is to focus on understanding how carbon interfaces influence electron and ion transfer within two upcoming energy storage technologies: Na-ion (NiBs) and non-aqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs). Electrochemical analysis of these new systems necessitates robust experimental setups, with the reference electrode often a shortcoming in non-aqueous measurements. Chapter 2 of this thesis describes the use of a polypyrrole solid-state reference which can be utilized across non-aqueous systems, and in harsh oxidizing/reducing environments. To incorporate graphite anodes in Na-ion batteries, Chapter 3 describes a fluorine-surface modifier approach, which stabilizes sodium intercalated graphite structures. Likewise, Chapter 4 compares how interphases evolve in terms of graphite electrode passivation in Li, Na, and K electrolytes, which is critical in understanding performance limitations of Na-ion and K-ion batteries, compared to Li-ion. Chapter 5 focuses on NRFBs; specifically on understanding how interfacial processes affect electron transfer using in situ scanning electrochemical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Chapter 6 describes a rapid, SECM-based “spot-analysis” approach to obtain a quantitative understanding of electron-transfer kinetics as a function of electrode potential. Finally, Chapter 7 explores the interplay between graphite electrode structure and heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics. In summary, this dissertation is written to improve the understanding of how carbon surface structure and functionalization affect the electron and ion transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface of nascent battery technologies such as NiBs and NRFBs."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120480"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright Dipobrato Sarbapalli"],"dc:subject":["Graphitic Carbon","Graphene","Interfaces","Sodium-ion","Redox Flow","Secm","Batteries","Electrodes"],"dc:title":["Electrochemical analysis of interface structures and functionalization in graphitic carbons for Na-ion and flow battery electrodes"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Materials Science & Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:57Z"}