{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/120324"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/120324","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Avoiding broadened and negative peaks in non-negative matrix factorization: Thermal expansion and background corrections for in-situ diffraction data","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-05-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-05-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Coppedge, Michael"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Materials Science & Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Shoemaker, Daniel P"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-05","date_published":"2023-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:57Z","subjects":["X-ray Diffraction","Non-negative Matrix Factorization","Machine Learning","Temperature Correction"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2022 Michael Coppedge"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120324","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Shoemaker, Daniel P"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Coppedge, Michael"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2023-05","2022-12-19"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Materials Science & Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["X-ray Diffraction","Non-negative Matrix Factorization","Machine Learning","Temperature Correction"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2022 Michael Coppedge"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120324"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-05-01","The student, Michael Coppedge, accepted the attached license on 2022-12-09 at 09:43.","The student, Michael Coppedge, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2022-12-09 at 10:31.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2022-12-19 at 14:13.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #18790 on 2023-09-01 at 17:12:12","Here it is demonstrated with both simulated and experimental in situ X-ray diffraction data that a “correction” of the peak shift due to thermal expansion and an unmodeled, global background subtraction improve the results of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). NMF is one of a group of matrix decomposition algorithms which has seen increasing use in the automatization of the processing and interpretation of large sets of experimental data. This is due mostly to its non-negativity constraint, which causes it to have a higher likelihood of returning physically meaningful information compared to other decomposition algorithms. The nature of in situ diffraction experiments does not lend itself perfectly to the use of NMF though, as any changes in the constituent phases of the experiment that result in horizontal peak shift – that is, almost any change that would be induced in an in situ experiment – is poorly handled by NMF, hence the motivation for removing thermal peak shift prior to calling NMF. Performing both added steps – thermal correction and unmodeled background subtraction – are computationally inexpensive, completely automatic, and totally general – they can be applied to any set of in situ data. These measures are particularly relevant for high-energy synchrotron data, where the thermal peak shift relative to the peak widths is large – an especially challenging but very common use case for NMF. In all examples studied here it is found that thermal correction and background subtraction aid the NMF algorithm in returning phase components that better represent the underlying data quality and in affording superior phase fraction evolution information. In particular, without temperature correction, NMF returns phase components that have wider peaks than those of the raw data. This is especially egregious for high resolution data, where, as is demonstrated with a simulated experiment, NMF peaks can be up to 75 times wider than the original data."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Avoiding broadened and negative peaks in non-negative matrix factorization: Thermal expansion and background corrections for in-situ diffraction data"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Shoemaker, Daniel P"],"dc:creator":["Coppedge, Michael"],"dc:date":["2023-05","2022-12-19"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-05-01","The student, Michael Coppedge, accepted the attached license on 2022-12-09 at 09:43.","The student, Michael Coppedge, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2022-12-09 at 10:31.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2022-12-19 at 14:13.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #18790 on 2023-09-01 at 17:12:12","Here it is demonstrated with both simulated and experimental in situ X-ray diffraction data that a “correction” of the peak shift due to thermal expansion and an unmodeled, global background subtraction improve the results of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). NMF is one of a group of matrix decomposition algorithms which has seen increasing use in the automatization of the processing and interpretation of large sets of experimental data. This is due mostly to its non-negativity constraint, which causes it to have a higher likelihood of returning physically meaningful information compared to other decomposition algorithms. The nature of in situ diffraction experiments does not lend itself perfectly to the use of NMF though, as any changes in the constituent phases of the experiment that result in horizontal peak shift – that is, almost any change that would be induced in an in situ experiment – is poorly handled by NMF, hence the motivation for removing thermal peak shift prior to calling NMF. Performing both added steps – thermal correction and unmodeled background subtraction – are computationally inexpensive, completely automatic, and totally general – they can be applied to any set of in situ data. These measures are particularly relevant for high-energy synchrotron data, where the thermal peak shift relative to the peak widths is large – an especially challenging but very common use case for NMF. In all examples studied here it is found that thermal correction and background subtraction aid the NMF algorithm in returning phase components that better represent the underlying data quality and in affording superior phase fraction evolution information. In particular, without temperature correction, NMF returns phase components that have wider peaks than those of the raw data. This is especially egregious for high resolution data, where, as is demonstrated with a simulated experiment, NMF peaks can be up to 75 times wider than the original data."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120324"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2022 Michael Coppedge"],"dc:subject":["X-ray Diffraction","Non-negative Matrix Factorization","Machine Learning","Temperature Correction"],"dc:title":["Avoiding broadened and negative peaks in non-negative matrix factorization: Thermal expansion and background corrections for in-situ diffraction data"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Materials Science & Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:57Z"}