{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/120090"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/120090","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Role of exercise-sensitive microbial-derived aromatic amino acid metabolites in modifying monocyte physiology","abstract":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2023-09-01 without embargo terms","abstract_html":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2023-09-01 without embargo terms","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lin, Chia-Hao"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Allen, Jacob M"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-05","date_published":"2023-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:56Z","subjects":["Gut Microbiome","Exercise","Immunometabolism","Monocyte","Inflammation","Microbial Metabolite","Chemotaxis"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2023 Chia-Hao Lin"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120090","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Allen, Jacob M"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lin, Chia-Hao"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2023-05","2023-04-24"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Gut Microbiome","Exercise","Immunometabolism","Monocyte","Inflammation","Microbial Metabolite","Chemotaxis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2023 Chia-Hao Lin"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120090"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2023-09-01 without embargo terms","The student, Chia-Hao Lin, accepted the attached license on 2023-04-24 at 11:05.","The student, Chia-Hao Lin, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2023-04-24 at 11:20.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2023-04-24 at 14:22.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #19134 on 2023-09-01 at 16:55:11","Exercise induces a myriad of health benefits, but not all mechanisms are fully elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise can also modify the gut microbiome. Prior work in our laboratory revealed that exercise training for 6 weeks increases serum concentrations of microbiota metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids (ArAA), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4-HPLA), termed aryl-lactates. We hypothesized aryl-lactates play a role in regulating host immune function. Monocytes are key innate immune cells and express receptors for both ILA and 4-HPLA. ILA binds to a nuclear receptor, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and both ILA and 4-HPLA potentially bind to a G protein-coupled receptor, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor-3 (HCAR3). We hypothesized that through binding of these two receptors, ILA and 4-HPLA would alter monocyte immunometabolism, attenuate inflammatory signaling, and alters chemotactic response of monocytes. Transformed human monocytes (THP-1) and primary monocytes were cultured with 50 μM of ILA, 4-HPLA or PBS-Control, with added immune challenges (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Flagellin (FLG)). Cells were collected and analyzed for inflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IL-10, IL-6) and AhR target genes (CYP1A1) by rtPCR. Chemotaxis was measured in THP-1 monocytes using a transwell migration assay. To determine HCAR3 activation, cAMP levels were measured in THP-1 cell lysates with a competitive ELISA. Extracellular lactate was measured to determine the effect of aryl-lactates on modifying the immunometabolism of primary human monocytes. ILA and 4-HPLA’s alteration of inflammatory cytokine expression is cell type dependent. Evidence of AhR binding by ILA was confirmed in primary monocytes from by increased expression of CYP1A1. cAMP levels were elevated by ILA, but reduced by 4-HPLA, indicating divergent mechanisms by which microbial-derived aryl-lactates activates HCAR3 and alters cellular energy status. Extracellular lactate was increased by ILA, indicating altered glycolysis. Our in vitro and ex vivo work indicate that aryl-lactates alters inflammatory gene expression, chemotactic response, and immunometabolism of monocytes."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Role of exercise-sensitive microbial-derived aromatic amino acid metabolites in modifying monocyte physiology"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Allen, Jacob M"],"dc:creator":["Lin, Chia-Hao"],"dc:date":["2023-05","2023-04-24"],"dc:description":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2023-09-01 without embargo terms","The student, Chia-Hao Lin, accepted the attached license on 2023-04-24 at 11:05.","The student, Chia-Hao Lin, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2023-04-24 at 11:20.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2023-04-24 at 14:22.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #19134 on 2023-09-01 at 16:55:11","Exercise induces a myriad of health benefits, but not all mechanisms are fully elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise can also modify the gut microbiome. Prior work in our laboratory revealed that exercise training for 6 weeks increases serum concentrations of microbiota metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids (ArAA), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4-HPLA), termed aryl-lactates. We hypothesized aryl-lactates play a role in regulating host immune function. Monocytes are key innate immune cells and express receptors for both ILA and 4-HPLA. ILA binds to a nuclear receptor, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and both ILA and 4-HPLA potentially bind to a G protein-coupled receptor, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor-3 (HCAR3). We hypothesized that through binding of these two receptors, ILA and 4-HPLA would alter monocyte immunometabolism, attenuate inflammatory signaling, and alters chemotactic response of monocytes. Transformed human monocytes (THP-1) and primary monocytes were cultured with 50 μM of ILA, 4-HPLA or PBS-Control, with added immune challenges (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Flagellin (FLG)). Cells were collected and analyzed for inflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IL-10, IL-6) and AhR target genes (CYP1A1) by rtPCR. Chemotaxis was measured in THP-1 monocytes using a transwell migration assay. To determine HCAR3 activation, cAMP levels were measured in THP-1 cell lysates with a competitive ELISA. Extracellular lactate was measured to determine the effect of aryl-lactates on modifying the immunometabolism of primary human monocytes. ILA and 4-HPLA’s alteration of inflammatory cytokine expression is cell type dependent. Evidence of AhR binding by ILA was confirmed in primary monocytes from by increased expression of CYP1A1. cAMP levels were elevated by ILA, but reduced by 4-HPLA, indicating divergent mechanisms by which microbial-derived aryl-lactates activates HCAR3 and alters cellular energy status. Extracellular lactate was increased by ILA, indicating altered glycolysis. Our in vitro and ex vivo work indicate that aryl-lactates alters inflammatory gene expression, chemotactic response, and immunometabolism of monocytes."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120090"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2023 Chia-Hao Lin"],"dc:subject":["Gut Microbiome","Exercise","Immunometabolism","Monocyte","Inflammation","Microbial Metabolite","Chemotaxis"],"dc:title":["Role of exercise-sensitive microbial-derived aromatic amino acid metabolites in modifying monocyte physiology"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:56Z"}