{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/115953"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/115953","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Implications of pre-diapause timing on Culex pipiens energetic reserve acquisition and overwintering success","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2024-08-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2024-08-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wilson, Sara Maxine"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Entomology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Stone, Christopher M","Ngumbi, Esther","Allan, Brian F"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-08","date_published":"2022-08","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:55Z","subjects":["Culex pipiens","Diapause","Energy Reserves"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2022 Sara Wilson"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115953","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Stone, Christopher M","Ngumbi, Esther","Allan, Brian F"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wilson, Sara Maxine"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2022-08","2022-07-19"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Entomology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Culex pipiens","Diapause","Energy Reserves"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2022 Sara Wilson"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115953"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2024-08-01","The student, Sara Wilson, accepted the attached license on 2022-07-19 at 11:34.","The student, Sara Wilson, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2022-07-19 at 11:46.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2022-07-19 at 12:42.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #18378 on 2022-11-16 at 10:56:37","Preparation for overwintering, prediapause, in temperate zones marks a unique ecological and physiological challenge for the West Nile vector Culex pipiens. Prediapause involves a shift from host-seeking to nectar gluttony in diapausing females to build lipid reserves. An open question is how female Cx. pipiens should resolve the trade-off between the time needed for resource acquisition and the length of time they need to survive to overwinter. To test this, Cx. pipiens were reared under early (18℃) and late (15℃) season diapause-inducing conditions. Upon adult emergence, females were placed in cages and provided ad libitum access to water and a 10% honey solution for 1 or 4 weeks. A simulated overwintering study using temperature-controlled incubators was performed, with conditions mimicking average winter temperatures in overwintering hibernacula (4°C), and survival was recorded daily. Energetic reserves, glucose, glycogen, lipids, and protein were measured for a subset of females at the onset of, and eight weeks into the diapause period. Longer feeding periods resulted in significantly better survival outcomes. Lower rearing temperature also resulted in better survival outcomes, though the impact was not found to be significant. Both higher larval rearing temperature and longer feeding duration resulted in significantly more lipids, glycogen, and protein reserves available at the onset of winter. Initial energetic reserves were greatest under early season conditions (18 ºC, 4 weeks feeding) for glycogen, protein, and lipids. Understanding the time needed to build energetic reserves provides insight into the ability of Cx. pipiens to adapt to changing winter temperatures and has implications for transmission of West Nile virus during the fall season. Understanding the role resource acquisition time and rearing temperature have on diapause success, and the timing of diapause entry is important for predicting and understanding how Cx. pipiens will respond to changing temperatures that result from climate change."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Implications of pre-diapause timing on Culex pipiens energetic reserve acquisition and overwintering success"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Stone, Christopher M","Ngumbi, Esther","Allan, Brian F"],"dc:creator":["Wilson, Sara Maxine"],"dc:date":["2022-08","2022-07-19"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2024-08-01","The student, Sara Wilson, accepted the attached license on 2022-07-19 at 11:34.","The student, Sara Wilson, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2022-07-19 at 11:46.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2022-07-19 at 12:42.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #18378 on 2022-11-16 at 10:56:37","Preparation for overwintering, prediapause, in temperate zones marks a unique ecological and physiological challenge for the West Nile vector Culex pipiens. Prediapause involves a shift from host-seeking to nectar gluttony in diapausing females to build lipid reserves. An open question is how female Cx. pipiens should resolve the trade-off between the time needed for resource acquisition and the length of time they need to survive to overwinter. To test this, Cx. pipiens were reared under early (18℃) and late (15℃) season diapause-inducing conditions. Upon adult emergence, females were placed in cages and provided ad libitum access to water and a 10% honey solution for 1 or 4 weeks. A simulated overwintering study using temperature-controlled incubators was performed, with conditions mimicking average winter temperatures in overwintering hibernacula (4°C), and survival was recorded daily. Energetic reserves, glucose, glycogen, lipids, and protein were measured for a subset of females at the onset of, and eight weeks into the diapause period. Longer feeding periods resulted in significantly better survival outcomes. Lower rearing temperature also resulted in better survival outcomes, though the impact was not found to be significant. Both higher larval rearing temperature and longer feeding duration resulted in significantly more lipids, glycogen, and protein reserves available at the onset of winter. Initial energetic reserves were greatest under early season conditions (18 ºC, 4 weeks feeding) for glycogen, protein, and lipids. Understanding the time needed to build energetic reserves provides insight into the ability of Cx. pipiens to adapt to changing winter temperatures and has implications for transmission of West Nile virus during the fall season. Understanding the role resource acquisition time and rearing temperature have on diapause success, and the timing of diapause entry is important for predicting and understanding how Cx. pipiens will respond to changing temperatures that result from climate change."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115953"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2022 Sara Wilson"],"dc:subject":["Culex pipiens","Diapause","Energy Reserves"],"dc:title":["Implications of pre-diapause timing on Culex pipiens energetic reserve acquisition and overwintering success"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Entomology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:55Z"}