{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/115796"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/115796","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Production methods of radiation sensitive ultrasound contrast agents and their response to neutron irradiation","abstract":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms","abstract_html":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Carr, Michael"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Nuclear, Plasma, Radiolgc Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Di Fulvio, Angela","Meng, Ling-Jian"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-05","date_published":"2022-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:55Z","subjects":["super-heated emulsions","neutron irradiation","thermalized"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2022 Michael Carr"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115796","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Di Fulvio, Angela","Meng, Ling-Jian"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Carr, Michael"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2022-05","2022-04-28"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Nuclear, Plasma, Radiolgc Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["super-heated emulsions","neutron irradiation","thermalized"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2022 Michael Carr"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115796"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms","The student, Michael Carr, accepted the attached license on 2022-04-27 at 19:38.","The student, Michael Carr, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2022-04-27 at 19:55.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2022-04-28 at 17:52.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17987 on 2022-11-11 at 17:54:06","Emulsions of over expanded meta-stable halo-carbon or fluorocarbon droplets in aqueous gels or soft polymers are known as “super-heated emulsions” or “bubble detectors”. They have been used in radiation detection, dosimetry, and spectrometry since the Seventies. Their operating principle is similar to the one of bubble chambers. When enough energy is deposited inside the volume of a meta-stable liquid droplet, the phase transition of the super-heated liquid occurs and detectable bubbles are produced. Bubble formation can be caused by several external agents, including the energy deposited by charged particles produced by radiation interactions or by the sequence of compression and depression cycles of acoustic waves. Therefore, these materials can find application in the field of radiation detection as well as contrast imaging agents in ultrasound imaging. In this thesis, two methods to produce super-heated emulsions were designed, developed, and tested, including producing emulsions mechanically and chemically. A system was successfully constructed that showed the ability to combine water and gel during preliminary tests for mechanical emulsion production. Also a chemical procedure was developed to produce the visco-elastic host gel with desired parameters leading to a gel with a viscosity of 2029.40 centipoise and a density of 1.163 g/ml. In addition, we also tested a chemical procedure to produce boron loaded (PVA-BPA) emulsion droplets to be potentially used for thermal neutron detection. These emulsions’ responses to neutron irradiation from a mono-energetic 14.1 MeV source were characterized through various experimental protocols that use different sensor configurations, including optical and acoustical detection. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to quantify the flux of neutrons irradiating the sample for both the moderated and bare source cases allowing for normalization of the interaction of the source and the emulsion. It produced a flux of 1727±4 neutrons/s/cm2 for the moderated source case and a flux of 3870±99 neutrons/s/cm2 for the bare source case. After the development of a working sensor, it was found that PVABPA emulsions exhibited a relative response to a thermalized spectrum 31±1% higher, when compared to non-boron loaded samples."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Production methods of radiation sensitive ultrasound contrast agents and their response to neutron irradiation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Di Fulvio, Angela","Meng, Ling-Jian"],"dc:creator":["Carr, Michael"],"dc:date":["2022-05","2022-04-28"],"dc:description":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms","The student, Michael Carr, accepted the attached license on 2022-04-27 at 19:38.","The student, Michael Carr, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2022-04-27 at 19:55.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2022-04-28 at 17:52.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17987 on 2022-11-11 at 17:54:06","Emulsions of over expanded meta-stable halo-carbon or fluorocarbon droplets in aqueous gels or soft polymers are known as “super-heated emulsions” or “bubble detectors”. They have been used in radiation detection, dosimetry, and spectrometry since the Seventies. Their operating principle is similar to the one of bubble chambers. When enough energy is deposited inside the volume of a meta-stable liquid droplet, the phase transition of the super-heated liquid occurs and detectable bubbles are produced. Bubble formation can be caused by several external agents, including the energy deposited by charged particles produced by radiation interactions or by the sequence of compression and depression cycles of acoustic waves. Therefore, these materials can find application in the field of radiation detection as well as contrast imaging agents in ultrasound imaging. In this thesis, two methods to produce super-heated emulsions were designed, developed, and tested, including producing emulsions mechanically and chemically. A system was successfully constructed that showed the ability to combine water and gel during preliminary tests for mechanical emulsion production. Also a chemical procedure was developed to produce the visco-elastic host gel with desired parameters leading to a gel with a viscosity of 2029.40 centipoise and a density of 1.163 g/ml. In addition, we also tested a chemical procedure to produce boron loaded (PVA-BPA) emulsion droplets to be potentially used for thermal neutron detection. These emulsions’ responses to neutron irradiation from a mono-energetic 14.1 MeV source were characterized through various experimental protocols that use different sensor configurations, including optical and acoustical detection. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to quantify the flux of neutrons irradiating the sample for both the moderated and bare source cases allowing for normalization of the interaction of the source and the emulsion. It produced a flux of 1727±4 neutrons/s/cm2 for the moderated source case and a flux of 3870±99 neutrons/s/cm2 for the bare source case. After the development of a working sensor, it was found that PVABPA emulsions exhibited a relative response to a thermalized spectrum 31±1% higher, when compared to non-boron loaded samples."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115796"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2022 Michael Carr"],"dc:subject":["super-heated emulsions","neutron irradiation","thermalized"],"dc:title":["Production methods of radiation sensitive ultrasound contrast agents and their response to neutron irradiation"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Nuclear, Plasma, Radiolgc Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:55Z"}