{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/115618"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/115618","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Characterization of mechanical properties and ballistic performance for a customized steel","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2024-05-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2024-05-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Morningstar, William Lloyd"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Mechanical Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Glumac, Nick G","Chu, Henry S","Howell, Ryan A"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-05","date_published":"2022-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:54Z","subjects":["Steel","Material evaluation","High-strain-rate behavior","Ballistics"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2022 William Lloyd Morningstar"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115618","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Glumac, Nick G","Chu, Henry S","Howell, Ryan A"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Morningstar, William Lloyd"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2022-05","2022-04-29"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Mechanical Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Steel","Material evaluation","High-strain-rate behavior","Ballistics"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2022 William Lloyd Morningstar"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115618"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2024-05-01","The student, William Morningstar, accepted the attached license on 2022-04-27 at 14:12.","The student, William Morningstar, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2022-04-27 at 14:29.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2022-04-29 at 13:03.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17977 on 2022-11-11 at 12:12:08","Steels and other metallic alloys are versatile materials for achieving different material properties because they can have different types/amounts alloying elements and they can be subjected to different heat treatment schedules. Steels are especially one of the most-used types of metallic alloys in countless applications for industry, so a customized steel, with new alloying and heat treatment methods, was tested and analyzed. The goal of the custom alloying and heat treatment methods was to produce a steel with high hardness and high toughness (HS-HT). This research focused on the mechanical properties and ballistic performance of the steel and compared it to RHA (Rolled Homogeneous Armor) Class 1, ARMOX® 600, and ARMOX® 500T data. These steels were chosen because they are high performing alloys, RHA as a high hardness and the ARMOX® variants are claimed to have high strength and/or high toughness. Mechanical properties and performance metrics at all types of strain rates were conducted because different strain rates determine the varying strength and toughness of a material. Steels also fail differently at low vs. high strain rates, for example, at high strain rates steels fail when the applied load causes strains to localize at Adiabatic Shear Bands (ASBs), and then the material shears to failure. Quasi-static to ballistic tests covered a wide range of performance metrics, that provided a comprehensive understanding of the customized steel. At low strain rates (quasi-static ranges), the customized steel appeared to perform better than the RHA, but not the ARMOX® 600. At dynamic loading ranges, the customized steel had a higher dynamic hardness than RHA for Vickers testing, but it was not as strong as the ARMOX® 600 during Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing (SHPB). During impact toughness testing, the customized steel performed well at extreme cold/brittle temperatures (-40°C). For example, the Charpy toughness value for normal RHA at -40°C is 23-30 [J], and the customized steel achieved 44 [J] at the same temperature. At ballistic strain rates (very high) the customized steel’s ballistic performance was poor compared to the RHA and ARMOX® 500T (not conducted on the ARMOX® 600). The customized steel failed many times through ASBs, and this ASB failure mechanism dominated the material in all the types of ballistic strain rate tests conducted."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Characterization of mechanical properties and ballistic performance for a customized steel"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Glumac, Nick G","Chu, Henry S","Howell, Ryan A"],"dc:creator":["Morningstar, William Lloyd"],"dc:date":["2022-05","2022-04-29"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2024-05-01","The student, William Morningstar, accepted the attached license on 2022-04-27 at 14:12.","The student, William Morningstar, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2022-04-27 at 14:29.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2022-04-29 at 13:03.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17977 on 2022-11-11 at 12:12:08","Steels and other metallic alloys are versatile materials for achieving different material properties because they can have different types/amounts alloying elements and they can be subjected to different heat treatment schedules. Steels are especially one of the most-used types of metallic alloys in countless applications for industry, so a customized steel, with new alloying and heat treatment methods, was tested and analyzed. The goal of the custom alloying and heat treatment methods was to produce a steel with high hardness and high toughness (HS-HT). This research focused on the mechanical properties and ballistic performance of the steel and compared it to RHA (Rolled Homogeneous Armor) Class 1, ARMOX® 600, and ARMOX® 500T data. These steels were chosen because they are high performing alloys, RHA as a high hardness and the ARMOX® variants are claimed to have high strength and/or high toughness. Mechanical properties and performance metrics at all types of strain rates were conducted because different strain rates determine the varying strength and toughness of a material. Steels also fail differently at low vs. high strain rates, for example, at high strain rates steels fail when the applied load causes strains to localize at Adiabatic Shear Bands (ASBs), and then the material shears to failure. Quasi-static to ballistic tests covered a wide range of performance metrics, that provided a comprehensive understanding of the customized steel. At low strain rates (quasi-static ranges), the customized steel appeared to perform better than the RHA, but not the ARMOX® 600. At dynamic loading ranges, the customized steel had a higher dynamic hardness than RHA for Vickers testing, but it was not as strong as the ARMOX® 600 during Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing (SHPB). During impact toughness testing, the customized steel performed well at extreme cold/brittle temperatures (-40°C). For example, the Charpy toughness value for normal RHA at -40°C is 23-30 [J], and the customized steel achieved 44 [J] at the same temperature. At ballistic strain rates (very high) the customized steel’s ballistic performance was poor compared to the RHA and ARMOX® 500T (not conducted on the ARMOX® 600). The customized steel failed many times through ASBs, and this ASB failure mechanism dominated the material in all the types of ballistic strain rate tests conducted."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115618"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2022 William Lloyd Morningstar"],"dc:subject":["Steel","Material evaluation","High-strain-rate behavior","Ballistics"],"dc:title":["Characterization of mechanical properties and ballistic performance for a customized steel"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Mechanical Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:54Z"}