{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/115445"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/115445","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"How women rule: judicial empathy and administrative court rulings","abstract":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms","abstract_html":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Garcia, Luzmarina"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Political Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Uribe-McGuire, Alicia B","Wedeking, Justin","Winters, Matthew","Ksiazkiewicz, Aleksander","Sharpe, Jamelle"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-05","date_published":"2022-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:54Z","subjects":["judicial politics","identity politics","political behavior","administrative courts","gender","empathy"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2022 Luzmarina Garcia"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115445","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Uribe-McGuire, Alicia B","Wedeking, Justin","Winters, Matthew","Ksiazkiewicz, Aleksander","Sharpe, Jamelle"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Garcia, Luzmarina"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2022-05","2022-04-20"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Political Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["judicial politics","identity politics","political behavior","administrative courts","gender","empathy"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2022 Luzmarina Garcia"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115445"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms","The student, Luzmarina Garcia, accepted the attached license on 2022-04-16 at 10:17.","The student, Luzmarina Garcia, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2022-04-16 at 10:29.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2022-04-20 at 13:20.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17532 on 2022-11-11 at 13:15:06","This project examines the role of gender in judicial rulings. I ask why gender bias has only been found in certain types of cases and courts when identity-based theories would imply universal same-gender bias. I propose a theory which posits that gender differences may arise due to differences in empathy. I show that judicial empathy implies lenient rulings under certain conditions, such as when the effect of a ruling is difficult to quantify. In such cases, perceptions of the stakes to an adversely affected party may differ by gender even among people with similar training. I then test these implications using experiments, court data, and interviews. This work is the first to provide robust empirical support for judicial empathy across levels of training. My work uses mixed methods to analyze gender differences and biases. I compare judges of similar expertise by web-scraping case data to test for gender bias in administrative courts such as Social Security courts and the Federal Trade Commission. I complement the analysis of observational data by running online experiments with law students and a nationally representative sample of the public. Additionally, I interview current and former judges to bear witness to some of the experiences of becoming and remaining a judge. The use of statistical, experimental, and qualitative methods strengthens the argument of the project by allowing for a rich combination of statistical tests of quantitative data, the strong internal validity for causal inference offered by experiments, and the nuance and perspectives raised by interviews. External validity is strengthened by examining the question at all stages of a judge’s career."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["How women rule: judicial empathy and administrative court rulings"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Uribe-McGuire, Alicia B","Wedeking, Justin","Winters, Matthew","Ksiazkiewicz, Aleksander","Sharpe, Jamelle"],"dc:creator":["Garcia, Luzmarina"],"dc:date":["2022-05","2022-04-20"],"dc:description":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms","The student, Luzmarina Garcia, accepted the attached license on 2022-04-16 at 10:17.","The student, Luzmarina Garcia, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2022-04-16 at 10:29.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2022-04-20 at 13:20.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17532 on 2022-11-11 at 13:15:06","This project examines the role of gender in judicial rulings. I ask why gender bias has only been found in certain types of cases and courts when identity-based theories would imply universal same-gender bias. I propose a theory which posits that gender differences may arise due to differences in empathy. I show that judicial empathy implies lenient rulings under certain conditions, such as when the effect of a ruling is difficult to quantify. In such cases, perceptions of the stakes to an adversely affected party may differ by gender even among people with similar training. I then test these implications using experiments, court data, and interviews. This work is the first to provide robust empirical support for judicial empathy across levels of training. My work uses mixed methods to analyze gender differences and biases. I compare judges of similar expertise by web-scraping case data to test for gender bias in administrative courts such as Social Security courts and the Federal Trade Commission. I complement the analysis of observational data by running online experiments with law students and a nationally representative sample of the public. Additionally, I interview current and former judges to bear witness to some of the experiences of becoming and remaining a judge. The use of statistical, experimental, and qualitative methods strengthens the argument of the project by allowing for a rich combination of statistical tests of quantitative data, the strong internal validity for causal inference offered by experiments, and the nuance and perspectives raised by interviews. External validity is strengthened by examining the question at all stages of a judge’s career."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115445"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2022 Luzmarina Garcia"],"dc:subject":["judicial politics","identity politics","political behavior","administrative courts","gender","empathy"],"dc:title":["How women rule: judicial empathy and administrative court rulings"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Political Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:54Z"}