{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/113305"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/113305","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Coagulation techniques for phosphorus removal from agricultural wastewater","abstract":"Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 BAILEY-DISSERTATION-2021.pdf: 4291429 bytes, checksum: 184a4890e8177a173eef373115ddb23e (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: fedd4ee75518db93dc9c3b536b7c394f (MD5) PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4556 bytes, checksum: 93c109d2aa145bd1b45b07069ffd7054 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-07-16","abstract_html":"Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 BAILEY-DISSERTATION-2021.pdf: 4291429 bytes, checksum: 184a4890e8177a173eef373115ddb23e (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: fedd4ee75518db93dc9c3b536b7c394f (MD5) PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4556 bytes, checksum: 93c109d2aa145bd1b45b07069ffd7054 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-07-16","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bailey, Shorma Bianca"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Agricultural & Biological Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Grift, Tony","Maghirang, Ronaldo","Bhattarai, Rabin","Zilles , Julie"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-01-12T22:55:05Z","date_published":"2022-01-12T22:55:05Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:53Z","subjects":["phosphorus","manure","eutrophication","water quality","agriculture","clean water"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2021 Shorma Bailey Professor Tony Grift, Chair Professor Ronaldo Maghirang Associate Professor Rabin Bhattarai Assistant Professor Julie Zilles"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/113305","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Grift, Tony","Maghirang, Ronaldo","Bhattarai, Rabin","Zilles , Julie"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bailey, Shorma Bianca"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2022-01-12T22:55:05Z","2024-01-12T22:56:20Z","2021-07-16","2021-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Agricultural & Biological Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["phosphorus","manure","eutrophication","water quality","agriculture","clean water"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2021 Shorma Bailey Professor Tony Grift, Chair Professor Ronaldo Maghirang Associate Professor Rabin Bhattarai Assistant Professor Julie Zilles"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/113305"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 BAILEY-DISSERTATION-2021.pdf: 4291429 bytes, checksum: 184a4890e8177a173eef373115ddb23e (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: fedd4ee75518db93dc9c3b536b7c394f (MD5) PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4556 bytes, checksum: 93c109d2aa145bd1b45b07069ffd7054 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-07-16","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 121233 Lift date: 2024-01-12T22:55:09Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 121233 Lift date: 2024-01-12T22:56:20Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited","Agricultural wastewater runoff is a known pollution source contributing to poor water quality, impending eutrophication, and toxic algal blooms. Best management practices designed to control orthophosphate (OP) pollution in the tile drainage network and cattle manure management are needed to prevent freshwater contamination longterm. To first address OP contamination from tile drain and cattle manure lagoons, this research first evaluated a series of scaled up reactors including batch, plug flow, pilot and farm trial for selecting the industrial by-products (IBPs) feasible for control of OP. To validate proof of concept for the passive filter used to treat tile drainage water and an electrocoagulation device built to purify cattle manure lagoon wastewater (CMLW), OP concentrations were quantified before and after treatment. The five iron-based IBPs in this work include: steel slag (SS), treated steel slag (TSS), iron turnings (IT), goethite powder (GTP), treated iron turnings (TFe), and hematite-clay pellets (MHP). These IBPs were evaluated for their ability to reduce OP in synthetic P solution and tile drainage water from a farm. During batch experiments, steel slag and IT demonstrated no OP removal. However, GTP at initial OP at 1.0 mg PO4 L-1 reduced OP by 32% in 60 min, resulting in a final OP concentration of 0.68 mg PO4 L-1. A second batch experiment used raw tile water and upcycled IBPs; TFe and MHP provided OP reductions of 25.4 ±0.08 % (mg PO4L-1: 0.024 to 0.68) and 72.3 ± 0.04 % (mg PO4 L-1: 0.024 to 0.07), respectively. Treated iron turnings performed better than MHP in plug flow experiments with a 70% reduction of OP (mg PO4 L-1: 0.02 to 0.005) in 3 h with 1.2 ml min-1. After small plug flow experiments, the ability of untreated SS, IT, and GTP to treated IBPs–treated steel slag (TSS), TFe, and MHP to reduce OP was evaluated in a large pilot system. Among the four IBPs in the pilot system, TFe demonstrated the highest capacity at 2 min showing a OP reduction of 68% (mg PO4 L-1: 1185 to 395.3) while, SS showed the second highest OP removal efficiency of 3.33% at 2 min, (mg PO4 L-1: 11400 to 10633 +611). The ideal IBP for OP reduction was TFe, therefore it was selected for in field-scale testing, which resulted in an OP reduction of 49%. In the cow manure lagoon water CMLW electrocoagulation experiments, a batch reactor using two iron electrodes connected to a constant-current power supply circuit was designed. Except for trials with synthetic OP solution, all other trials maintained an operating current of 0.5 A. In less than 2 h, 100% CMLW showed the most promising result, reduction of OP was 94 % to 95% (mg PO4 L-1: 13.7 to 0.73), while turbidity reduction was 56 to 95% (NTU:50 to 850) accomplished in 15 h of operation.The required cumulative energy consumption to accomplish this treatment was 423 kJ g-1-PO4. The conclusion of this work supports proof of concept for utilizing steel iron-based IBPs for OP reduction in an agricultural setting. The TFe suggests there is a cyclical removal of OP over time, suggesting a cumulative removal process. Electrocoagulation worked best for high turbidity wastewater in contrast to tile water. Both results for chemical and electrocoagulation demonstrate as alternative technologies for best management practices that are inadequate in addressing OP leaching from tile and lagoons.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01","The student, Shorma Bailey, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-14 at 14:30.","The student, Shorma Bailey, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-07-14 at 14:35.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-07-16 at 16:00.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16875 on 2022-01-12 at 13:04:34"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Coagulation techniques for phosphorus removal from agricultural wastewater"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Grift, Tony","Maghirang, Ronaldo","Bhattarai, Rabin","Zilles , Julie"],"dc:creator":["Bailey, Shorma Bianca"],"dc:date":["2022-01-12T22:55:05Z","2024-01-12T22:56:20Z","2021-07-16","2021-08"],"dc:description":["Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 BAILEY-DISSERTATION-2021.pdf: 4291429 bytes, checksum: 184a4890e8177a173eef373115ddb23e (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: fedd4ee75518db93dc9c3b536b7c394f (MD5) PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4556 bytes, checksum: 93c109d2aa145bd1b45b07069ffd7054 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-07-16","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 121233 Lift date: 2024-01-12T22:55:09Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 121233 Lift date: 2024-01-12T22:56:20Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited","Agricultural wastewater runoff is a known pollution source contributing to poor water quality, impending eutrophication, and toxic algal blooms. Best management practices designed to control orthophosphate (OP) pollution in the tile drainage network and cattle manure management are needed to prevent freshwater contamination longterm. To first address OP contamination from tile drain and cattle manure lagoons, this research first evaluated a series of scaled up reactors including batch, plug flow, pilot and farm trial for selecting the industrial by-products (IBPs) feasible for control of OP. To validate proof of concept for the passive filter used to treat tile drainage water and an electrocoagulation device built to purify cattle manure lagoon wastewater (CMLW), OP concentrations were quantified before and after treatment. The five iron-based IBPs in this work include: steel slag (SS), treated steel slag (TSS), iron turnings (IT), goethite powder (GTP), treated iron turnings (TFe), and hematite-clay pellets (MHP). These IBPs were evaluated for their ability to reduce OP in synthetic P solution and tile drainage water from a farm. During batch experiments, steel slag and IT demonstrated no OP removal. However, GTP at initial OP at 1.0 mg PO4 L-1 reduced OP by 32% in 60 min, resulting in a final OP concentration of 0.68 mg PO4 L-1. A second batch experiment used raw tile water and upcycled IBPs; TFe and MHP provided OP reductions of 25.4 ±0.08 % (mg PO4L-1: 0.024 to 0.68) and 72.3 ± 0.04 % (mg PO4 L-1: 0.024 to 0.07), respectively. Treated iron turnings performed better than MHP in plug flow experiments with a 70% reduction of OP (mg PO4 L-1: 0.02 to 0.005) in 3 h with 1.2 ml min-1. After small plug flow experiments, the ability of untreated SS, IT, and GTP to treated IBPs–treated steel slag (TSS), TFe, and MHP to reduce OP was evaluated in a large pilot system. Among the four IBPs in the pilot system, TFe demonstrated the highest capacity at 2 min showing a OP reduction of 68% (mg PO4 L-1: 1185 to 395.3) while, SS showed the second highest OP removal efficiency of 3.33% at 2 min, (mg PO4 L-1: 11400 to 10633 +611). The ideal IBP for OP reduction was TFe, therefore it was selected for in field-scale testing, which resulted in an OP reduction of 49%. In the cow manure lagoon water CMLW electrocoagulation experiments, a batch reactor using two iron electrodes connected to a constant-current power supply circuit was designed. Except for trials with synthetic OP solution, all other trials maintained an operating current of 0.5 A. In less than 2 h, 100% CMLW showed the most promising result, reduction of OP was 94 % to 95% (mg PO4 L-1: 13.7 to 0.73), while turbidity reduction was 56 to 95% (NTU:50 to 850) accomplished in 15 h of operation.The required cumulative energy consumption to accomplish this treatment was 423 kJ g-1-PO4. The conclusion of this work supports proof of concept for utilizing steel iron-based IBPs for OP reduction in an agricultural setting. The TFe suggests there is a cyclical removal of OP over time, suggesting a cumulative removal process. Electrocoagulation worked best for high turbidity wastewater in contrast to tile water. Both results for chemical and electrocoagulation demonstrate as alternative technologies for best management practices that are inadequate in addressing OP leaching from tile and lagoons.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01","The student, Shorma Bailey, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-14 at 14:30.","The student, Shorma Bailey, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-07-14 at 14:35.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-07-16 at 16:00.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16875 on 2022-01-12 at 13:04:34"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/113305"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2021 Shorma Bailey Professor Tony Grift, Chair Professor Ronaldo Maghirang Associate Professor Rabin Bhattarai Assistant Professor Julie Zilles"],"dc:subject":["phosphorus","manure","eutrophication","water quality","agriculture","clean water"],"dc:title":["Coagulation techniques for phosphorus removal from agricultural wastewater"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Agricultural & Biological Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:53Z"}