{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/110620"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/110620","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Rumen-protected Lysine fed to Holstein cows prepartum and in utero effects on their offspring during the first 56 days of life","abstract":"It is pivotal to provide adequate concentrations of amino acids (AA) in the prepartum diet for the cow’s health and performance. However, less is known about the potential in utero effects of particular AA on the early-life performance of calves. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects on dairy calves when their dams were fed rumen-protected lysine (RPL; AjiPro-L Generation 3, Ajinomoto Heartland Inc., Chicago, IL; 0.54 % DM of TMR as top dress) from 28 d prior to calving until calving. Seventy-two male (M) and female (F) Holstein calves were assigned to two treatments based on their dams’ prepartum treatment: RPL supplementation (PRE-L) or without RPL (CON). At the time of birth (0.5 to 2 h after calving), before colostrum was fed, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into 8-mL evacuated serum and heparin separation tubes (Becton Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ). Initial body weight was taken at 1 to 3 h after birth. Calves were fed 470 g of colostrum replacer (Land O' Lakes Bovine IgG Colostrum Replacer, Land O’Lakes, Inc., Arden Hills, MN) diluted in 3.8 L of water. Calves were provided water ad libitum and fed milk replacer (Advance Excelerate, Milk Specialties Global Animal Nutrition, Eden Prairie, MN; 28.5% crude protein, 15% fat) at 0600 h and 1700 h until 42 d of age. Calves were measured weekly, at weaning (d 42), and at the end of the experimental period (d 56). Plasma concentrations of AA were measured on d 0, 7, and 14 using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–MS (Waters, Milford, MA; Armenta et al., 2010) with a derivatization method (AccQ-Tag Derivatization). Statistical analysis was conducted using the MIXED, FREQ, and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Final BW was higher for M than F (87 ± 11 kg and 79 ± 7 kg, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have greater dry matter and crude protein intakes (814 ± 3 g/d and 234 ± 6 g/d, respectively) than those in CON (793 ± 9 g/d and 228 ± 11 g/d, respectively). Calves in PRE-L had greater average daily gain than calves in CON (0.96 ± 0.04 kg/d vs 0.85 ± 0.03 kg/d, respectively) during wk 6 to 8. Calves in PRE-L tended to be medicated fewer days than CON (4.7 ± 1.2 d vs. 6.2 ± 3.4 d, respectively). Calves in CON-F (4.59 g/dL) had greater concentrations of total protein in serum than calves in PRE-L-F (4.83 g/dL), whereas calves in CON-M (5.02 g/dL) had greater concentrations than calves in PRE-L-M (4.81 g/dL). There was a treatment × sex interaction for total AA (TAA), where calves in CON-F had higher concentrations than calves in PRE-L-F (285 µM and 268 µM, respectively) and calves in CON-M had lower concentrations than calves in PRE-L-M (258 µM and 292 µM, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have higher percentages of neutrophils and monocytes present for phagocytosis than CON (40 % and 36 % vs. 25.5 % and 23.1 %, respectively). In conclusion, calves from dams that consumed RPL prepartum had improved overall growth, intake, and health compared with calves from dams that did not receive RPL.","abstract_html":"It is pivotal to provide adequate concentrations of amino acids (AA) in the prepartum diet for the cow’s health and performance. However, less is known about the potential in utero effects of particular AA on the early-life performance of calves. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects on dairy calves when their dams were fed rumen-protected lysine (RPL; AjiPro-L Generation 3, Ajinomoto Heartland Inc., Chicago, IL; 0.54 % DM of TMR as top dress) from 28 d prior to calving until calving. Seventy-two male (M) and female (F) Holstein calves were assigned to two treatments based on their dams’ prepartum treatment: RPL supplementation (PRE-L) or without RPL (CON). At the time of birth (0.5 to 2 h after calving), before colostrum was fed, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into 8-mL evacuated serum and heparin separation tubes (Becton Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ). Initial body weight was taken at 1 to 3 h after birth. Calves were fed 470 g of colostrum replacer (Land O' Lakes Bovine IgG Colostrum Replacer, Land O’Lakes, Inc., Arden Hills, MN) diluted in 3.8 L of water. Calves were provided water ad libitum and fed milk replacer (Advance Excelerate, Milk Specialties Global Animal Nutrition, Eden Prairie, MN; 28.5% crude protein, 15% fat) at 0600 h and 1700 h until 42 d of age. Calves were measured weekly, at weaning (d 42), and at the end of the experimental period (d 56). Plasma concentrations of AA were measured on d 0, 7, and 14 using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–MS (Waters, Milford, MA; Armenta et al., 2010) with a derivatization method (AccQ-Tag Derivatization). Statistical analysis was conducted using the MIXED, FREQ, and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Final BW was higher for M than F (87 ± 11 kg and 79 ± 7 kg, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have greater dry matter and crude protein intakes (814 ± 3 g/d and 234 ± 6 g/d, respectively) than those in CON (793 ± 9 g/d and 228 ± 11 g/d, respectively). Calves in PRE-L had greater average daily gain than calves in CON (0.96 ± 0.04 kg/d vs 0.85 ± 0.03 kg/d, respectively) during wk 6 to 8. Calves in PRE-L tended to be medicated fewer days than CON (4.7 ± 1.2 d vs. 6.2 ± 3.4 d, respectively). Calves in CON-F (4.59 g/dL) had greater concentrations of total protein in serum than calves in PRE-L-F (4.83 g/dL), whereas calves in CON-M (5.02 g/dL) had greater concentrations than calves in PRE-L-M (4.81 g/dL). There was a treatment × sex interaction for total AA (TAA), where calves in CON-F had higher concentrations than calves in PRE-L-F (285 µM and 268 µM, respectively) and calves in CON-M had lower concentrations than calves in PRE-L-M (258 µM and 292 µM, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have higher percentages of neutrophils and monocytes present for phagocytosis than CON (40 % and 36 % vs. 25.5 % and 23.1 %, respectively). In conclusion, calves from dams that consumed RPL prepartum had improved overall growth, intake, and health compared with calves from dams that did not receive RPL.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Thomas, Brittney Lee"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Cardoso, Felipe C.","Drackley, James K.","Loor, Juan J.","Stein, Hans H."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021-09-17T02:34:10Z","date_published":"2021-09-17T02:34:10Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:52Z","subjects":["average daily gain","calf","lysine","health"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2021 Brittney Thomas"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/110620","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Cardoso, Felipe C.","Drackley, James K.","Loor, Juan J.","Stein, Hans H."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Thomas, Brittney Lee"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2021-09-17T02:34:10Z","2023-09-17T02:34:57Z","2021-01-19","2021-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["average daily gain","calf","lysine","health"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2021 Brittney Thomas"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/110620"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["It is pivotal to provide adequate concentrations of amino acids (AA) in the prepartum diet for the cow’s health and performance. However, less is known about the potential in utero effects of particular AA on the early-life performance of calves. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects on dairy calves when their dams were fed rumen-protected lysine (RPL; AjiPro-L Generation 3, Ajinomoto Heartland Inc., Chicago, IL; 0.54 % DM of TMR as top dress) from 28 d prior to calving until calving. Seventy-two male (M) and female (F) Holstein calves were assigned to two treatments based on their dams’ prepartum treatment: RPL supplementation (PRE-L) or without RPL (CON). At the time of birth (0.5 to 2 h after calving), before colostrum was fed, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into 8-mL evacuated serum and heparin separation tubes (Becton Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ). Initial body weight was taken at 1 to 3 h after birth. Calves were fed 470 g of colostrum replacer (Land O' Lakes Bovine IgG Colostrum Replacer, Land O’Lakes, Inc., Arden Hills, MN) diluted in 3.8 L of water. Calves were provided water ad libitum and fed milk replacer (Advance Excelerate, Milk Specialties Global Animal Nutrition, Eden Prairie, MN; 28.5% crude protein, 15% fat) at 0600 h and 1700 h until 42 d of age. Calves were measured weekly, at weaning (d 42), and at the end of the experimental period (d 56). Plasma concentrations of AA were measured on d 0, 7, and 14 using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–MS (Waters, Milford, MA; Armenta et al., 2010) with a derivatization method (AccQ-Tag Derivatization). Statistical analysis was conducted using the MIXED, FREQ, and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Final BW was higher for M than F (87 ± 11 kg and 79 ± 7 kg, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have greater dry matter and crude protein intakes (814 ± 3 g/d and 234 ± 6 g/d, respectively) than those in CON (793 ± 9 g/d and 228 ± 11 g/d, respectively). Calves in PRE-L had greater average daily gain than calves in CON (0.96 ± 0.04 kg/d vs 0.85 ± 0.03 kg/d, respectively) during wk 6 to 8. Calves in PRE-L tended to be medicated fewer days than CON (4.7 ± 1.2 d vs. 6.2 ± 3.4 d, respectively). Calves in CON-F (4.59 g/dL) had greater concentrations of total protein in serum than calves in PRE-L-F (4.83 g/dL), whereas calves in CON-M (5.02 g/dL) had greater concentrations than calves in PRE-L-M (4.81 g/dL). There was a treatment × sex interaction for total AA (TAA), where calves in CON-F had higher concentrations than calves in PRE-L-F (285 µM and 268 µM, respectively) and calves in CON-M had lower concentrations than calves in PRE-L-M (258 µM and 292 µM, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have higher percentages of neutrophils and monocytes present for phagocytosis than CON (40 % and 36 % vs. 25.5 % and 23.1 %, respectively). In conclusion, calves from dams that consumed RPL prepartum had improved overall growth, intake, and health compared with calves from dams that did not receive RPL.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-05-01","The student, Brittney Thomas, accepted the attached license on 2021-01-03 at 17:43.","The student, Brittney Thomas, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-01-03 at 17:58.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-01-19 at 09:49.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16139 on 2021-09-16 at 17:01:32","Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T02:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 THOMAS-THESIS-2021.pdf: 2089098 bytes, checksum: 28d790db8f0655d1e8b9d4714614ef62 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4212 bytes, checksum: 91a786cbd746e1d6e31334f5cb32e5e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-01-19","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 118463 Lift date: 2023-09-17T02:34:57Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Rumen-protected Lysine fed to Holstein cows prepartum and in utero effects on their offspring during the first 56 days of life"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Cardoso, Felipe C.","Drackley, James K.","Loor, Juan J.","Stein, Hans H."],"dc:creator":["Thomas, Brittney Lee"],"dc:date":["2021-09-17T02:34:10Z","2023-09-17T02:34:57Z","2021-01-19","2021-05"],"dc:description":["It is pivotal to provide adequate concentrations of amino acids (AA) in the prepartum diet for the cow’s health and performance. However, less is known about the potential in utero effects of particular AA on the early-life performance of calves. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects on dairy calves when their dams were fed rumen-protected lysine (RPL; AjiPro-L Generation 3, Ajinomoto Heartland Inc., Chicago, IL; 0.54 % DM of TMR as top dress) from 28 d prior to calving until calving. Seventy-two male (M) and female (F) Holstein calves were assigned to two treatments based on their dams’ prepartum treatment: RPL supplementation (PRE-L) or without RPL (CON). At the time of birth (0.5 to 2 h after calving), before colostrum was fed, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into 8-mL evacuated serum and heparin separation tubes (Becton Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ). Initial body weight was taken at 1 to 3 h after birth. Calves were fed 470 g of colostrum replacer (Land O' Lakes Bovine IgG Colostrum Replacer, Land O’Lakes, Inc., Arden Hills, MN) diluted in 3.8 L of water. Calves were provided water ad libitum and fed milk replacer (Advance Excelerate, Milk Specialties Global Animal Nutrition, Eden Prairie, MN; 28.5% crude protein, 15% fat) at 0600 h and 1700 h until 42 d of age. Calves were measured weekly, at weaning (d 42), and at the end of the experimental period (d 56). Plasma concentrations of AA were measured on d 0, 7, and 14 using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–MS (Waters, Milford, MA; Armenta et al., 2010) with a derivatization method (AccQ-Tag Derivatization). Statistical analysis was conducted using the MIXED, FREQ, and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Final BW was higher for M than F (87 ± 11 kg and 79 ± 7 kg, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have greater dry matter and crude protein intakes (814 ± 3 g/d and 234 ± 6 g/d, respectively) than those in CON (793 ± 9 g/d and 228 ± 11 g/d, respectively). Calves in PRE-L had greater average daily gain than calves in CON (0.96 ± 0.04 kg/d vs 0.85 ± 0.03 kg/d, respectively) during wk 6 to 8. Calves in PRE-L tended to be medicated fewer days than CON (4.7 ± 1.2 d vs. 6.2 ± 3.4 d, respectively). Calves in CON-F (4.59 g/dL) had greater concentrations of total protein in serum than calves in PRE-L-F (4.83 g/dL), whereas calves in CON-M (5.02 g/dL) had greater concentrations than calves in PRE-L-M (4.81 g/dL). There was a treatment × sex interaction for total AA (TAA), where calves in CON-F had higher concentrations than calves in PRE-L-F (285 µM and 268 µM, respectively) and calves in CON-M had lower concentrations than calves in PRE-L-M (258 µM and 292 µM, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have higher percentages of neutrophils and monocytes present for phagocytosis than CON (40 % and 36 % vs. 25.5 % and 23.1 %, respectively). In conclusion, calves from dams that consumed RPL prepartum had improved overall growth, intake, and health compared with calves from dams that did not receive RPL.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-05-01","The student, Brittney Thomas, accepted the attached license on 2021-01-03 at 17:43.","The student, Brittney Thomas, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-01-03 at 17:58.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-01-19 at 09:49.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16139 on 2021-09-16 at 17:01:32","Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T02:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 THOMAS-THESIS-2021.pdf: 2089098 bytes, checksum: 28d790db8f0655d1e8b9d4714614ef62 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4212 bytes, checksum: 91a786cbd746e1d6e31334f5cb32e5e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-01-19","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 118463 Lift date: 2023-09-17T02:34:57Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/110620"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2021 Brittney Thomas"],"dc:subject":["average daily gain","calf","lysine","health"],"dc:title":["Rumen-protected Lysine fed to Holstein cows prepartum and in utero effects on their offspring during the first 56 days of life"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:52Z"}