{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/110565"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/110565","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Detection, habitat use, and occupancy dynamics of Black-billed Cuckoos and Yellow-billed Cuckoos in Illinois","abstract":"Black-billed Cuckoos (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) and Yellow-billed Cuckoos (C. americanus) have experienced extensive range-wide population declines over the last several decades. However, as cuckoos are patchily distributed and hard-to-detect, population size and trend estimates are not always well supported and habitat requirements are poorly understood. Low detection and weak habitat associations could be due in part to wide-ranging movements within and between breeding seasons. I set out to examine detection probability, habitat use, and movement dynamics of both species. I performed passive and call-broadcast surveys for cuckoos at 41 sites throughout northern Illinois in 2019 and 2020. I examined the influence of call broadcast and temporal and environmental covariates on detection probability and effects of habitat covariates on occupancy, immigration, and emigration. Detection probability increased substantially using call broadcasts (up to 6 and 12 times for Yellow-billed and Black-billed Cuckoos, respectively), but varied temporally and with environmental covariates. Black-billed Cuckoos were strongly associated with early successional habitat while Yellow-billed Cuckoos used older-successional or open woodland habitat. I also found strong support for movement within sites during the breeding season, indicating maintenance of large home ranges, movement between sites within the breeding season, and low site fidelity between years. While movements were affected by habitat covariates, these species’ reliance on ephemeral insect abundance may ultimately be driving these wide-ranging movements. These findings will improve monitoring and management efforts, but also imply the need for creating and protecting areas within a broader spatial context to allow these species to take advantage of both ephemeral successional habitat and patchily-distributed food resources.","abstract_html":"Black-billed Cuckoos (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) and Yellow-billed Cuckoos (C. americanus) have experienced extensive range-wide population declines over the last several decades. However, as cuckoos are patchily distributed and hard-to-detect, population size and trend estimates are not always well supported and habitat requirements are poorly understood. Low detection and weak habitat associations could be due in part to wide-ranging movements within and between breeding seasons. I set out to examine detection probability, habitat use, and movement dynamics of both species. I performed passive and call-broadcast surveys for cuckoos at 41 sites throughout northern Illinois in 2019 and 2020. I examined the influence of call broadcast and temporal and environmental covariates on detection probability and effects of habitat covariates on occupancy, immigration, and emigration. Detection probability increased substantially using call broadcasts (up to 6 and 12 times for Yellow-billed and Black-billed Cuckoos, respectively), but varied temporally and with environmental covariates. Black-billed Cuckoos were strongly associated with early successional habitat while Yellow-billed Cuckoos used older-successional or open woodland habitat. I also found strong support for movement within sites during the breeding season, indicating maintenance of large home ranges, movement between sites within the breeding season, and low site fidelity between years. While movements were affected by habitat covariates, these species’ reliance on ephemeral insect abundance may ultimately be driving these wide-ranging movements. These findings will improve monitoring and management efforts, but also imply the need for creating and protecting areas within a broader spatial context to allow these species to take advantage of both ephemeral successional habitat and patchily-distributed food resources.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Johnson, Claire Autumn"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Natural Res & Env Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Benson, Thomas J","Ward, Michael P","Stodola, Kirk"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021-09-17T01:11:17Z","date_published":"2021-09-17T01:11:17Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:52Z","subjects":["Black-billed Cuckoo","Yellow-billed Cuckoo","habitat use","occupancy dynamics","detection probability"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2021 Claire Johnson"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/110565","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Benson, Thomas J","Ward, Michael P","Stodola, Kirk"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Johnson, Claire Autumn"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2021-09-17T01:11:17Z","2021-04-26","2021-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Natural Res & Env Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Black-billed Cuckoo","Yellow-billed Cuckoo","habitat use","occupancy dynamics","detection probability"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2021 Claire Johnson"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/110565"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Black-billed Cuckoos (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) and Yellow-billed Cuckoos (C. americanus) have experienced extensive range-wide population declines over the last several decades. However, as cuckoos are patchily distributed and hard-to-detect, population size and trend estimates are not always well supported and habitat requirements are poorly understood. Low detection and weak habitat associations could be due in part to wide-ranging movements within and between breeding seasons. I set out to examine detection probability, habitat use, and movement dynamics of both species. I performed passive and call-broadcast surveys for cuckoos at 41 sites throughout northern Illinois in 2019 and 2020. I examined the influence of call broadcast and temporal and environmental covariates on detection probability and effects of habitat covariates on occupancy, immigration, and emigration. Detection probability increased substantially using call broadcasts (up to 6 and 12 times for Yellow-billed and Black-billed Cuckoos, respectively), but varied temporally and with environmental covariates. Black-billed Cuckoos were strongly associated with early successional habitat while Yellow-billed Cuckoos used older-successional or open woodland habitat. I also found strong support for movement within sites during the breeding season, indicating maintenance of large home ranges, movement between sites within the breeding season, and low site fidelity between years. While movements were affected by habitat covariates, these species’ reliance on ephemeral insect abundance may ultimately be driving these wide-ranging movements. These findings will improve monitoring and management efforts, but also imply the need for creating and protecting areas within a broader spatial context to allow these species to take advantage of both ephemeral successional habitat and patchily-distributed food resources.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2021-09-16 without embargo terms","The student, Claire Johnson, accepted the attached license on 2021-04-23 at 13:54.","The student, Claire Johnson, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-04-23 at 14:10.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-04-26 at 16:13.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16532 on 2021-09-16 at 16:47:28","Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T01:11:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 JOHNSON-THESIS-2021.pdf: 1658853 bytes, checksum: 3bd64748d5d4514397a5ba4a2ecb3fe7 (MD5) ClaireJohnson_MS_Thesis.docx: 2670194 bytes, checksum: 40b1d3d94e87f21c171a7673c6519933 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4211 bytes, checksum: 3dcd4c2422ff359cdea6f9829b1d35fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-04-26"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Detection, habitat use, and occupancy dynamics of Black-billed Cuckoos and Yellow-billed Cuckoos in Illinois"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Benson, Thomas J","Ward, Michael P","Stodola, Kirk"],"dc:creator":["Johnson, Claire Autumn"],"dc:date":["2021-09-17T01:11:17Z","2021-04-26","2021-05"],"dc:description":["Black-billed Cuckoos (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) and Yellow-billed Cuckoos (C. americanus) have experienced extensive range-wide population declines over the last several decades. However, as cuckoos are patchily distributed and hard-to-detect, population size and trend estimates are not always well supported and habitat requirements are poorly understood. Low detection and weak habitat associations could be due in part to wide-ranging movements within and between breeding seasons. I set out to examine detection probability, habitat use, and movement dynamics of both species. I performed passive and call-broadcast surveys for cuckoos at 41 sites throughout northern Illinois in 2019 and 2020. I examined the influence of call broadcast and temporal and environmental covariates on detection probability and effects of habitat covariates on occupancy, immigration, and emigration. Detection probability increased substantially using call broadcasts (up to 6 and 12 times for Yellow-billed and Black-billed Cuckoos, respectively), but varied temporally and with environmental covariates. Black-billed Cuckoos were strongly associated with early successional habitat while Yellow-billed Cuckoos used older-successional or open woodland habitat. I also found strong support for movement within sites during the breeding season, indicating maintenance of large home ranges, movement between sites within the breeding season, and low site fidelity between years. While movements were affected by habitat covariates, these species’ reliance on ephemeral insect abundance may ultimately be driving these wide-ranging movements. These findings will improve monitoring and management efforts, but also imply the need for creating and protecting areas within a broader spatial context to allow these species to take advantage of both ephemeral successional habitat and patchily-distributed food resources.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2021-09-16 without embargo terms","The student, Claire Johnson, accepted the attached license on 2021-04-23 at 13:54.","The student, Claire Johnson, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-04-23 at 14:10.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-04-26 at 16:13.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16532 on 2021-09-16 at 16:47:28","Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T01:11:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 JOHNSON-THESIS-2021.pdf: 1658853 bytes, checksum: 3bd64748d5d4514397a5ba4a2ecb3fe7 (MD5) ClaireJohnson_MS_Thesis.docx: 2670194 bytes, checksum: 40b1d3d94e87f21c171a7673c6519933 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4211 bytes, checksum: 3dcd4c2422ff359cdea6f9829b1d35fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-04-26"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/110565"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2021 Claire Johnson"],"dc:subject":["Black-billed Cuckoo","Yellow-billed Cuckoo","habitat use","occupancy dynamics","detection probability"],"dc:title":["Detection, habitat use, and occupancy dynamics of Black-billed Cuckoos and Yellow-billed Cuckoos in Illinois"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Natural Res & Env Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:52Z"}