{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/109576"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/109576","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Environmental considerations for interactions between agricultural herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers in water","abstract":"Agricultural herbicides and fertilizers are widely used and necessary for the production of food and feed. Each herbicide and fertilizer must be extensively researched prior to being released for commercial use. However, some research indicates that an interaction may occur when fertilizers and herbicides are present in soil or water, simultaneously, and growers currently give little attention to the length of time between fertilizer and herbicide applications in the same field. One potential result of an interaction, if it exists, is a decrease in the effectiveness of either of these inputs. Another potential result is the formation of nitrosamines. Nitrosamines, which can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic, are a product of xenobiotic reactions and pose an equal or greater risk to the environment and human health than the parent compounds. The combination of nitrosatable herbicides and high levels of nitrogen in soils used for production agriculture may be a precursor for nitrosamine formation. This study investigates this potential interaction by combining an aqueous nitrate or nitrite solution with individual agricultural herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, metolachlor, and trifluralin). The pH of samples was adjusted to investigate the effect of acidic conditions since the nitrosating agent is formed at an acidic pH. The results were then analyzed to detect if the concentration of herbicide and nitrate or nitrite was altered. A preliminary experiment showed that the addition of acetone caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration, from 25 mg/L to 12.5 mg/L. Additionally, the samples that contained a highly acidic solution showed a significant decrease in nitrite level, from 25 mg/L to 12.4 mg/L. These results indicate that some form of interaction is occurring. A chromatogram from analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of a sample containing nitrite and atrazine at pH 2 showed a secondary compound was formed. Samples with a more neutral pH did not show any change in nitrate or nitrite concentration. The results from this research may be pertinent to management decisions for growers, as well as the reduction of contaminants in the environment.","abstract_html":"Agricultural herbicides and fertilizers are widely used and necessary for the production of food and feed. Each herbicide and fertilizer must be extensively researched prior to being released for commercial use. However, some research indicates that an interaction may occur when fertilizers and herbicides are present in soil or water, simultaneously, and growers currently give little attention to the length of time between fertilizer and herbicide applications in the same field. One potential result of an interaction, if it exists, is a decrease in the effectiveness of either of these inputs. Another potential result is the formation of nitrosamines. Nitrosamines, which can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic, are a product of xenobiotic reactions and pose an equal or greater risk to the environment and human health than the parent compounds. The combination of nitrosatable herbicides and high levels of nitrogen in soils used for production agriculture may be a precursor for nitrosamine formation. This study investigates this potential interaction by combining an aqueous nitrate or nitrite solution with individual agricultural herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, metolachlor, and trifluralin). The pH of samples was adjusted to investigate the effect of acidic conditions since the nitrosating agent is formed at an acidic pH. The results were then analyzed to detect if the concentration of herbicide and nitrate or nitrite was altered. A preliminary experiment showed that the addition of acetone caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration, from 25 mg/L to 12.5 mg/L. Additionally, the samples that contained a highly acidic solution showed a significant decrease in nitrite level, from 25 mg/L to 12.4 mg/L. These results indicate that some form of interaction is occurring. A chromatogram from analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of a sample containing nitrite and atrazine at pH 2 showed a secondary compound was formed. Samples with a more neutral pH did not show any change in nitrate or nitrite concentration. The results from this research may be pertinent to management decisions for growers, as well as the reduction of contaminants in the environment.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Brown, Leyton J."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Technical Systems Management","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Davidson, Paul C"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021-03-05T21:45:15Z","date_published":"2021-03-05T21:45:15Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:50Z","subjects":["N-nitrosamine","nitrate","nitrite","herbicide","pesticide","acidic","environmental contaminants"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2020 Leyton J. Brown"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/109576","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Davidson, Paul C"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Brown, Leyton J."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2021-03-05T21:45:15Z","2023-03-05T21:47:41Z","2020-11-18","2020-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Technical Systems Management"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["N-nitrosamine","nitrate","nitrite","herbicide","pesticide","acidic","environmental contaminants"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2020 Leyton J. Brown"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/109576"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Agricultural herbicides and fertilizers are widely used and necessary for the production of food and feed. Each herbicide and fertilizer must be extensively researched prior to being released for commercial use. However, some research indicates that an interaction may occur when fertilizers and herbicides are present in soil or water, simultaneously, and growers currently give little attention to the length of time between fertilizer and herbicide applications in the same field. One potential result of an interaction, if it exists, is a decrease in the effectiveness of either of these inputs. Another potential result is the formation of nitrosamines. Nitrosamines, which can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic, are a product of xenobiotic reactions and pose an equal or greater risk to the environment and human health than the parent compounds. The combination of nitrosatable herbicides and high levels of nitrogen in soils used for production agriculture may be a precursor for nitrosamine formation. This study investigates this potential interaction by combining an aqueous nitrate or nitrite solution with individual agricultural herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, metolachlor, and trifluralin). The pH of samples was adjusted to investigate the effect of acidic conditions since the nitrosating agent is formed at an acidic pH. The results were then analyzed to detect if the concentration of herbicide and nitrate or nitrite was altered. A preliminary experiment showed that the addition of acetone caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration, from 25 mg/L to 12.5 mg/L. Additionally, the samples that contained a highly acidic solution showed a significant decrease in nitrite level, from 25 mg/L to 12.4 mg/L. These results indicate that some form of interaction is occurring. A chromatogram from analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of a sample containing nitrite and atrazine at pH 2 showed a secondary compound was formed. Samples with a more neutral pH did not show any change in nitrate or nitrite concentration. The results from this research may be pertinent to management decisions for growers, as well as the reduction of contaminants in the environment.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-12-01","The student, Leyton Brown, accepted the attached license on 2020-11-10 at 13:55.","The student, Leyton Brown, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-11-10 at 14:10.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-11-18 at 16:03.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15866 on 2021-03-04 at 16:30:44","Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:45:15Z (GMT). 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Each herbicide and fertilizer must be extensively researched prior to being released for commercial use. However, some research indicates that an interaction may occur when fertilizers and herbicides are present in soil or water, simultaneously, and growers currently give little attention to the length of time between fertilizer and herbicide applications in the same field. One potential result of an interaction, if it exists, is a decrease in the effectiveness of either of these inputs. Another potential result is the formation of nitrosamines. Nitrosamines, which can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic, are a product of xenobiotic reactions and pose an equal or greater risk to the environment and human health than the parent compounds. The combination of nitrosatable herbicides and high levels of nitrogen in soils used for production agriculture may be a precursor for nitrosamine formation. This study investigates this potential interaction by combining an aqueous nitrate or nitrite solution with individual agricultural herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, metolachlor, and trifluralin). The pH of samples was adjusted to investigate the effect of acidic conditions since the nitrosating agent is formed at an acidic pH. The results were then analyzed to detect if the concentration of herbicide and nitrate or nitrite was altered. A preliminary experiment showed that the addition of acetone caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration, from 25 mg/L to 12.5 mg/L. Additionally, the samples that contained a highly acidic solution showed a significant decrease in nitrite level, from 25 mg/L to 12.4 mg/L. These results indicate that some form of interaction is occurring. A chromatogram from analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of a sample containing nitrite and atrazine at pH 2 showed a secondary compound was formed. Samples with a more neutral pH did not show any change in nitrate or nitrite concentration. The results from this research may be pertinent to management decisions for growers, as well as the reduction of contaminants in the environment.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-12-01","The student, Leyton Brown, accepted the attached license on 2020-11-10 at 13:55.","The student, Leyton Brown, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-11-10 at 14:10.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-11-18 at 16:03.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15866 on 2021-03-04 at 16:30:44","Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:45:15Z (GMT). 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Brown"],"dc:subject":["N-nitrosamine","nitrate","nitrite","herbicide","pesticide","acidic","environmental contaminants"],"dc:title":["Environmental considerations for interactions between agricultural herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers in water"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Technical Systems Management"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:50Z"}