{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/109339"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/109339","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Development of a novel 3-fluid nozzle for spray-dried microencapsulation of quercetin in zein and sodium caseinate","abstract":"Microencapsulation is a powerful technology for stabilizing compounds of interest to the food industry that are difficult to incorporate into food matrices for a variety of reasons. Microfluidic assembly of microcapsules has recently been studied as a means for producing extremely uniform and small particles, which is beneficial for controlled release applications; however, it is difficult to scale this technology to meet the demands of the food industry. Spray-drying represents a much higher throughput option for microencapsulation, but requires additional processing steps to generate microcapsule suspensions and often suffers from large particle sizes with wide distributions. This study proposes a novel 3-fluid nozzle technology that combines the fluid dynamic principles and single processing step found in microfluidic systems with the high throughput of spray-drying. Zein, the prolamin storage protein from corn, and quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonol compound with numerous health benefits, were chosen as a model system for this study. Zein nanoparticles ranging from 170 – 205 nm in size were successfully generated using a benchtop simulation of the proposed technology, with both total flow rate and initial zein concentration having a significant effect (p < 0.05) on resultant particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). Quercetin was successfully encapsulated in a zein/sodium caseinate system using spray drying with the novel 3-fluid nozzle. Contact time between the two phases for encapsulation was varied but found to have no significant effect on particle size, encapsulation efficiency, or antioxidant capacity; however, the spray-dried powders showed smaller particle sizes and narrow particle size distributions than what is typically seen in spray-drying operations. Encapsulation efficiency of quercetin ranged from 70% to 80%, and samples exhibited around 80% of the antioxidant capacity of an unencapsulated quercetin control sample. The proposed nozzle technology could be useful for numerous encapsulation applications that require the narrower particle size distribution and high throughput for the food industry.","abstract_html":"Microencapsulation is a powerful technology for stabilizing compounds of interest to the food industry that are difficult to incorporate into food matrices for a variety of reasons. Microfluidic assembly of microcapsules has recently been studied as a means for producing extremely uniform and small particles, which is beneficial for controlled release applications; however, it is difficult to scale this technology to meet the demands of the food industry. Spray-drying represents a much higher throughput option for microencapsulation, but requires additional processing steps to generate microcapsule suspensions and often suffers from large particle sizes with wide distributions. This study proposes a novel 3-fluid nozzle technology that combines the fluid dynamic principles and single processing step found in microfluidic systems with the high throughput of spray-drying. Zein, the prolamin storage protein from corn, and quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonol compound with numerous health benefits, were chosen as a model system for this study. Zein nanoparticles ranging from 170 – 205 nm in size were successfully generated using a benchtop simulation of the proposed technology, with both total flow rate and initial zein concentration having a significant effect (p &lt; 0.05) on resultant particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). Quercetin was successfully encapsulated in a zein/sodium caseinate system using spray drying with the novel 3-fluid nozzle. Contact time between the two phases for encapsulation was varied but found to have no significant effect on particle size, encapsulation efficiency, or antioxidant capacity; however, the spray-dried powders showed smaller particle sizes and narrow particle size distributions than what is typically seen in spray-drying operations. Encapsulation efficiency of quercetin ranged from 70% to 80%, and samples exhibited around 80% of the antioxidant capacity of an unencapsulated quercetin control sample. The proposed nozzle technology could be useful for numerous encapsulation applications that require the narrower particle size distribution and high throughput for the food industry.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kilker, Sean R."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Food Science & Human Nutrition","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lee, Youngsoo","de Mejia, Elvira","Padua, Graciela W","Wang, Yi-Cheng"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021-03-05T21:36:49Z","date_published":"2021-03-05T21:36:49Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:50Z","subjects":["Zein","Microencapsulation","Microfluidics","Quercetin","Spray-Drying"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2020 Sean Kilker"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/109339","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lee, Youngsoo","de Mejia, Elvira","Padua, Graciela W","Wang, Yi-Cheng"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kilker, Sean R."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2021-03-05T21:36:49Z","2020-09-23","2020-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Food Science & Human Nutrition"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Zein","Microencapsulation","Microfluidics","Quercetin","Spray-Drying"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2020 Sean Kilker"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/109339"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Microencapsulation is a powerful technology for stabilizing compounds of interest to the food industry that are difficult to incorporate into food matrices for a variety of reasons. Microfluidic assembly of microcapsules has recently been studied as a means for producing extremely uniform and small particles, which is beneficial for controlled release applications; however, it is difficult to scale this technology to meet the demands of the food industry. Spray-drying represents a much higher throughput option for microencapsulation, but requires additional processing steps to generate microcapsule suspensions and often suffers from large particle sizes with wide distributions. This study proposes a novel 3-fluid nozzle technology that combines the fluid dynamic principles and single processing step found in microfluidic systems with the high throughput of spray-drying. Zein, the prolamin storage protein from corn, and quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonol compound with numerous health benefits, were chosen as a model system for this study. Zein nanoparticles ranging from 170 – 205 nm in size were successfully generated using a benchtop simulation of the proposed technology, with both total flow rate and initial zein concentration having a significant effect (p < 0.05) on resultant particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). Quercetin was successfully encapsulated in a zein/sodium caseinate system using spray drying with the novel 3-fluid nozzle. Contact time between the two phases for encapsulation was varied but found to have no significant effect on particle size, encapsulation efficiency, or antioxidant capacity; however, the spray-dried powders showed smaller particle sizes and narrow particle size distributions than what is typically seen in spray-drying operations. Encapsulation efficiency of quercetin ranged from 70% to 80%, and samples exhibited around 80% of the antioxidant capacity of an unencapsulated quercetin control sample. The proposed nozzle technology could be useful for numerous encapsulation applications that require the narrower particle size distribution and high throughput for the food industry.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2021-03-04 without embargo terms","The student, Sean Kilker, accepted the attached license on 2020-09-18 at 12:03.","The student, Sean Kilker, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-09-18 at 12:08.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-09-23 at 08:15.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15814 on 2021-03-04 at 15:33:57","Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:36:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 KILKER-THESIS-2020.pdf: 3101577 bytes, checksum: cbd4932e5723fbd489cf23d98528cd9e (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 2c50cc81733885e0c9f480af085df91a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-09-23"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Development of a novel 3-fluid nozzle for spray-dried microencapsulation of quercetin in zein and sodium caseinate"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lee, Youngsoo","de Mejia, Elvira","Padua, Graciela W","Wang, Yi-Cheng"],"dc:creator":["Kilker, Sean R."],"dc:date":["2021-03-05T21:36:49Z","2020-09-23","2020-12"],"dc:description":["Microencapsulation is a powerful technology for stabilizing compounds of interest to the food industry that are difficult to incorporate into food matrices for a variety of reasons. Microfluidic assembly of microcapsules has recently been studied as a means for producing extremely uniform and small particles, which is beneficial for controlled release applications; however, it is difficult to scale this technology to meet the demands of the food industry. Spray-drying represents a much higher throughput option for microencapsulation, but requires additional processing steps to generate microcapsule suspensions and often suffers from large particle sizes with wide distributions. This study proposes a novel 3-fluid nozzle technology that combines the fluid dynamic principles and single processing step found in microfluidic systems with the high throughput of spray-drying. Zein, the prolamin storage protein from corn, and quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonol compound with numerous health benefits, were chosen as a model system for this study. Zein nanoparticles ranging from 170 – 205 nm in size were successfully generated using a benchtop simulation of the proposed technology, with both total flow rate and initial zein concentration having a significant effect (p < 0.05) on resultant particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). Quercetin was successfully encapsulated in a zein/sodium caseinate system using spray drying with the novel 3-fluid nozzle. Contact time between the two phases for encapsulation was varied but found to have no significant effect on particle size, encapsulation efficiency, or antioxidant capacity; however, the spray-dried powders showed smaller particle sizes and narrow particle size distributions than what is typically seen in spray-drying operations. Encapsulation efficiency of quercetin ranged from 70% to 80%, and samples exhibited around 80% of the antioxidant capacity of an unencapsulated quercetin control sample. The proposed nozzle technology could be useful for numerous encapsulation applications that require the narrower particle size distribution and high throughput for the food industry.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2021-03-04 without embargo terms","The student, Sean Kilker, accepted the attached license on 2020-09-18 at 12:03.","The student, Sean Kilker, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-09-18 at 12:08.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-09-23 at 08:15.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15814 on 2021-03-04 at 15:33:57","Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:36:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 KILKER-THESIS-2020.pdf: 3101577 bytes, checksum: cbd4932e5723fbd489cf23d98528cd9e (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 2c50cc81733885e0c9f480af085df91a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-09-23"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/109339"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2020 Sean Kilker"],"dc:subject":["Zein","Microencapsulation","Microfluidics","Quercetin","Spray-Drying"],"dc:title":["Development of a novel 3-fluid nozzle for spray-dried microencapsulation of quercetin in zein and sodium caseinate"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Food Science & Human Nutrition"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:50Z"}