{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108717"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108717","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Behavioral analysis of piglets exposed to a second immune challenge following maternal immune activation","abstract":"The combined effects of maternal immune activation (MIA) and a second immune challenge later in life on pig behavior have not been studied. Deciphering these effects is particularly relevant in diseases that can have pronounced effects during gestation, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) elicits immune response akin to a viral challenge, yet the effect of this immune stimulant on pig behavior has not been assessed. The present study advances the understanding of the combined effect of MIA and a second immune challenge later in life on female and male pig behavior. Three complementary experiments enabled the development of an effective Poly(I:C) challenge in pigs and testing the interaction of PRRSV-elicited MIA, Poly(I:C) challenge at 60 days of age, and sex on the offspring behaviors. Sickness, locomotor, and social behaviors were measured 1-3 hours after Poly(I:C) challenge including vomiting, panting, lethargy, walking, laying, playing, and touching were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed effect model. Results from the first experiment indicated that a Poly(I:C) dose of 1 mg/kg within 1 hour following injection increased sickness. Poly(I:C) alone decreased activity levels, and MIA alone decreased social behaviors. Piglets were sensitized to behavior disruption in both sexes, with males being more sensitive to Poly(I:C) alone and females having heightened responses due to the combination of Poly(I:C) and MIA. Our findings demonstrate that MIA and Poly(I:C) affected behaviors and that these effects, in turn, may impact feeding, social interactions, and health status. Management practices that reduce the likelihood of gestational diseases and accommodate for behavioral disruptions in the offspring can minimize the impact of MIA.","abstract_html":"The combined effects of maternal immune activation (MIA) and a second immune challenge later in life on pig behavior have not been studied. Deciphering these effects is particularly relevant in diseases that can have pronounced effects during gestation, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) elicits immune response akin to a viral challenge, yet the effect of this immune stimulant on pig behavior has not been assessed. The present study advances the understanding of the combined effect of MIA and a second immune challenge later in life on female and male pig behavior. Three complementary experiments enabled the development of an effective Poly(I:C) challenge in pigs and testing the interaction of PRRSV-elicited MIA, Poly(I:C) challenge at 60 days of age, and sex on the offspring behaviors. Sickness, locomotor, and social behaviors were measured 1-3 hours after Poly(I:C) challenge including vomiting, panting, lethargy, walking, laying, playing, and touching were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed effect model. Results from the first experiment indicated that a Poly(I:C) dose of 1 mg/kg within 1 hour following injection increased sickness. Poly(I:C) alone decreased activity levels, and MIA alone decreased social behaviors. Piglets were sensitized to behavior disruption in both sexes, with males being more sensitive to Poly(I:C) alone and females having heightened responses due to the combination of Poly(I:C) and MIA. Our findings demonstrate that MIA and Poly(I:C) affected behaviors and that these effects, in turn, may impact feeding, social interactions, and health status. Management practices that reduce the likelihood of gestational diseases and accommodate for behavioral disruptions in the offspring can minimize the impact of MIA.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Rymut, Haley Elizabeth"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra","Rund, Laurie","Villamil, Maria"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-10-07T22:50:03Z","date_published":"2020-10-07T22:50:03Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:48Z","subjects":["Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome","Poly(I:C)","maternal immune activation","behavior"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2020 Haley Rymut"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108717","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra","Rund, Laurie","Villamil, Maria"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Rymut, Haley Elizabeth"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-10-07T22:50:03Z","2022-10-07T22:50:13Z","2020-07-20","2020-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome","Poly(I:C)","maternal immune activation","behavior"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2020 Haley Rymut"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108717"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The combined effects of maternal immune activation (MIA) and a second immune challenge later in life on pig behavior have not been studied. Deciphering these effects is particularly relevant in diseases that can have pronounced effects during gestation, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) elicits immune response akin to a viral challenge, yet the effect of this immune stimulant on pig behavior has not been assessed. The present study advances the understanding of the combined effect of MIA and a second immune challenge later in life on female and male pig behavior. Three complementary experiments enabled the development of an effective Poly(I:C) challenge in pigs and testing the interaction of PRRSV-elicited MIA, Poly(I:C) challenge at 60 days of age, and sex on the offspring behaviors. Sickness, locomotor, and social behaviors were measured 1-3 hours after Poly(I:C) challenge including vomiting, panting, lethargy, walking, laying, playing, and touching were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed effect model. Results from the first experiment indicated that a Poly(I:C) dose of 1 mg/kg within 1 hour following injection increased sickness. Poly(I:C) alone decreased activity levels, and MIA alone decreased social behaviors. Piglets were sensitized to behavior disruption in both sexes, with males being more sensitive to Poly(I:C) alone and females having heightened responses due to the combination of Poly(I:C) and MIA. Our findings demonstrate that MIA and Poly(I:C) affected behaviors and that these effects, in turn, may impact feeding, social interactions, and health status. Management practices that reduce the likelihood of gestational diseases and accommodate for behavioral disruptions in the offspring can minimize the impact of MIA.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01","The student, Haley Rymut, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-17 at 09:55.","The student, Haley Rymut, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-07-17 at 10:05.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-07-20 at 14:10.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15675 on 2020-10-02 at 15:51:28","Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 RYMUT-THESIS-2020.pdf: 1117674 bytes, checksum: dda22f61465c9521627ef63cf194c3ad (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: e9836a44475eba53f2b26b727c21e509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-07-20","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 116346 Lift date: 2022-10-07T22:50:13Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Behavioral analysis of piglets exposed to a second immune challenge following maternal immune activation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra","Rund, Laurie","Villamil, Maria"],"dc:creator":["Rymut, Haley Elizabeth"],"dc:date":["2020-10-07T22:50:03Z","2022-10-07T22:50:13Z","2020-07-20","2020-08"],"dc:description":["The combined effects of maternal immune activation (MIA) and a second immune challenge later in life on pig behavior have not been studied. Deciphering these effects is particularly relevant in diseases that can have pronounced effects during gestation, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) elicits immune response akin to a viral challenge, yet the effect of this immune stimulant on pig behavior has not been assessed. The present study advances the understanding of the combined effect of MIA and a second immune challenge later in life on female and male pig behavior. Three complementary experiments enabled the development of an effective Poly(I:C) challenge in pigs and testing the interaction of PRRSV-elicited MIA, Poly(I:C) challenge at 60 days of age, and sex on the offspring behaviors. Sickness, locomotor, and social behaviors were measured 1-3 hours after Poly(I:C) challenge including vomiting, panting, lethargy, walking, laying, playing, and touching were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed effect model. Results from the first experiment indicated that a Poly(I:C) dose of 1 mg/kg within 1 hour following injection increased sickness. Poly(I:C) alone decreased activity levels, and MIA alone decreased social behaviors. Piglets were sensitized to behavior disruption in both sexes, with males being more sensitive to Poly(I:C) alone and females having heightened responses due to the combination of Poly(I:C) and MIA. Our findings demonstrate that MIA and Poly(I:C) affected behaviors and that these effects, in turn, may impact feeding, social interactions, and health status. Management practices that reduce the likelihood of gestational diseases and accommodate for behavioral disruptions in the offspring can minimize the impact of MIA.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01","The student, Haley Rymut, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-17 at 09:55.","The student, Haley Rymut, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-07-17 at 10:05.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-07-20 at 14:10.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15675 on 2020-10-02 at 15:51:28","Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 RYMUT-THESIS-2020.pdf: 1117674 bytes, checksum: dda22f61465c9521627ef63cf194c3ad (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: e9836a44475eba53f2b26b727c21e509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-07-20","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 116346 Lift date: 2022-10-07T22:50:13Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108717"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2020 Haley Rymut"],"dc:subject":["Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome","Poly(I:C)","maternal immune activation","behavior"],"dc:title":["Behavioral analysis of piglets exposed to a second immune challenge following maternal immune activation"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:48Z"}