{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108674"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108674","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Probing weakly bound long-range Rydberg molecules by quantum beating experiments in rubidium vapor","abstract":"Weakly bound long-range Rydberg molecules (LRRM) associated with rubidium atomic states with low angular momentum and very low principal quantum numbers (7$s$, 8$s$, 5$d$, 6$d$) are observed in a quantum beating experiment for the first time. The experiments are conducted using parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) in a pump-probe fashion. Fourier analysis of the time-domain data yields a spectrum on which various quantum beats are identified. Energy spacings between adjacent vibrational levels within each LRRM's quantum well manifest on the spectrum as overtones on both sides of the 7$s$-5$d_{5/2}$ and 8$s$-6$d_{5/2}$ atomic quantum beats at 18.225 THz and 10.726 THz, respectively. From the observed vibrational term energy spacings, we are able to extract vibrational constants for three potential wells and calculate their dissociation energies and potential energy curves using Morse potential. Despite the fact that there are no direct results published in the literature associated with $s$ and $d$ states at our principal quantum numbers, we are able to validate our observations by comparing our vibrational constants with those of the $p$ state and our dissociation energies with those extrapolated from higher principal quantum numbers. The comparison shows excellent agreement with existing studies. The study demonstrates a new experimental technique to study LRRM that does not involve Bose-Einstein condensates and yet can resolve vibrational levels within quantum wells of several cm$^{-1}$ deep. The technique is also versatile in studying heteronuclear and polyatomic LRRM.","abstract_html":"Weakly bound long-range Rydberg molecules (LRRM) associated with rubidium atomic states with low angular momentum and very low principal quantum numbers (7$s$, 8$s$, 5$d$, 6$d$) are observed in a quantum beating experiment for the first time. The experiments are conducted using parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) in a pump-probe fashion. Fourier analysis of the time-domain data yields a spectrum on which various quantum beats are identified. Energy spacings between adjacent vibrational levels within each LRRM&#x27;s quantum well manifest on the spectrum as overtones on both sides of the 7$s$-5<span class=\"etd-inline-math\">d<sub>5/2</sub></span> and 8$s$-6<span class=\"etd-inline-math\">d<sub>5/2</sub></span> atomic quantum beats at 18.225 THz and 10.726 THz, respectively. From the observed vibrational term energy spacings, we are able to extract vibrational constants for three potential wells and calculate their dissociation energies and potential energy curves using Morse potential. Despite the fact that there are no direct results published in the literature associated with $s$ and $d$ states at our principal quantum numbers, we are able to validate our observations by comparing our vibrational constants with those of the $p$ state and our dissociation energies with those extrapolated from higher principal quantum numbers. The comparison shows excellent agreement with existing studies. The study demonstrates a new experimental technique to study LRRM that does not involve Bose-Einstein condensates and yet can resolve vibrational levels within quantum wells of several cm<span class=\"etd-inline-math\"><sup>-1</sup></span> deep. The technique is also versatile in studying heteronuclear and polyatomic LRRM.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Su, Rui"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Electrical & Computer Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Eden, James Gary","Gruev, Viktor","Lorenz, Virginia","Fang, Kejie","Vura-Weis, Joshua"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-10-07T22:49:48Z","date_published":"2020-10-07T22:49:48Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:48Z","subjects":["quantum beating","quantum beat","quantum beat spectroscopy","spectroscopy","laser spectroscopy","rubidium","long-range molecules","long-range Rydberg molecules","Rydberg molecules"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2020 Rui Su"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108674","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Eden, James Gary","Gruev, Viktor","Lorenz, Virginia","Fang, Kejie","Vura-Weis, Joshua"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Su, Rui"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-10-07T22:49:48Z","2022-10-07T22:50:13Z","2020-07-07","2020-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Electrical & Computer Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["quantum beating","quantum beat","quantum beat spectroscopy","spectroscopy","laser spectroscopy","rubidium","long-range molecules","long-range Rydberg molecules","Rydberg molecules"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2020 Rui Su"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108674"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Weakly bound long-range Rydberg molecules (LRRM) associated with rubidium atomic states with low angular momentum and very low principal quantum numbers (7$s$, 8$s$, 5$d$, 6$d$) are observed in a quantum beating experiment for the first time. The experiments are conducted using parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) in a pump-probe fashion. Fourier analysis of the time-domain data yields a spectrum on which various quantum beats are identified. Energy spacings between adjacent vibrational levels within each LRRM's quantum well manifest on the spectrum as overtones on both sides of the 7$s$-5$d_{5/2}$ and 8$s$-6$d_{5/2}$ atomic quantum beats at 18.225 THz and 10.726 THz, respectively. From the observed vibrational term energy spacings, we are able to extract vibrational constants for three potential wells and calculate their dissociation energies and potential energy curves using Morse potential. Despite the fact that there are no direct results published in the literature associated with $s$ and $d$ states at our principal quantum numbers, we are able to validate our observations by comparing our vibrational constants with those of the $p$ state and our dissociation energies with those extrapolated from higher principal quantum numbers. The comparison shows excellent agreement with existing studies. The study demonstrates a new experimental technique to study LRRM that does not involve Bose-Einstein condensates and yet can resolve vibrational levels within quantum wells of several cm$^{-1}$ deep. The technique is also versatile in studying heteronuclear and polyatomic LRRM.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01","The student, Rui Su, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-06 at 13:15.","The student, Rui Su, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-07-06 at 13:39.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-07-07 at 09:18.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15499 on 2020-10-02 at 15:49:53","Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:49:48Z (GMT). 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The experiments are conducted using parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) in a pump-probe fashion. Fourier analysis of the time-domain data yields a spectrum on which various quantum beats are identified. Energy spacings between adjacent vibrational levels within each LRRM's quantum well manifest on the spectrum as overtones on both sides of the 7$s$-5$d_{5/2}$ and 8$s$-6$d_{5/2}$ atomic quantum beats at 18.225 THz and 10.726 THz, respectively. From the observed vibrational term energy spacings, we are able to extract vibrational constants for three potential wells and calculate their dissociation energies and potential energy curves using Morse potential. Despite the fact that there are no direct results published in the literature associated with $s$ and $d$ states at our principal quantum numbers, we are able to validate our observations by comparing our vibrational constants with those of the $p$ state and our dissociation energies with those extrapolated from higher principal quantum numbers. The comparison shows excellent agreement with existing studies. The study demonstrates a new experimental technique to study LRRM that does not involve Bose-Einstein condensates and yet can resolve vibrational levels within quantum wells of several cm$^{-1}$ deep. The technique is also versatile in studying heteronuclear and polyatomic LRRM.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01","The student, Rui Su, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-06 at 13:15.","The student, Rui Su, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-07-06 at 13:39.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-07-07 at 09:18.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15499 on 2020-10-02 at 15:49:53","Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:49:48Z (GMT). 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