{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108635"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108635","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Inactivation mechanisms of human norovirus surrogate Tulane virus by peracetic acid at different pHs","abstract":"Many illnesses caused by viruses are spread by water and fresh products, hence it is critical to inactivate viruses in the water disinfection and food sanitation process. To apply a novel disinfectant requires studies to fully explore the inactivation efficacy and mechanisms of that new disinfectant. In this study, we determined the inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of a potential disinfectant named peracetic acid (PAA) on Tulane virus (TV), a surrogate for human norovirus, at pH 7.8, 5.4 and 4.5. No significant difference was observed between the inactivation kinetics under different concentrations and pHs. A 2.5-log10 reduction in TV infectivity was achieved after 10 min exposure at 10 mg/L PAA or 5 mg/L after 20 min exposure. The efficacy is partly impacted by the significant aggregation of TV under these studied pHs. We explored whether the inactivation was caused by the damage of the genome or the protein capsid or both. The genome damage was revealed by quantifying the viral intact genome using the reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The capsid proteins degradation is determined by quantifying the viruses with the attachment using a binding assay with designed porcine gastric mucin conjugated with magnetic beads (PGM-MBs). Based on our results, only less than 10% of PAA-exposure TV lost the ability to bind to PGM- MBs. A linear correlation between the reduction of TV and TV NSP1 genes suggested that genome damage is only responsible for approximately 10% of TV inactivation. These results indicated that the combination of the genome and spike protein damage did not fully explain inactivation. The findings in this study would contribute to the design of the conditions for PAA applying in the drinking water and wastewater treatment plant and the food industries.","abstract_html":"Many illnesses caused by viruses are spread by water and fresh products, hence it is critical to inactivate viruses in the water disinfection and food sanitation process. To apply a novel disinfectant requires studies to fully explore the inactivation efficacy and mechanisms of that new disinfectant. In this study, we determined the inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of a potential disinfectant named peracetic acid (PAA) on Tulane virus (TV), a surrogate for human norovirus, at pH 7.8, 5.4 and 4.5. No significant difference was observed between the inactivation kinetics under different concentrations and pHs. A 2.5-log10 reduction in TV infectivity was achieved after 10 min exposure at 10 mg/L PAA or 5 mg/L after 20 min exposure. The efficacy is partly impacted by the significant aggregation of TV under these studied pHs. We explored whether the inactivation was caused by the damage of the genome or the protein capsid or both. The genome damage was revealed by quantifying the viral intact genome using the reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The capsid proteins degradation is determined by quantifying the viruses with the attachment using a binding assay with designed porcine gastric mucin conjugated with magnetic beads (PGM-MBs). Based on our results, only less than 10% of PAA-exposure TV lost the ability to bind to PGM- MBs. A linear correlation between the reduction of TV and TV NSP1 genes suggested that genome damage is only responsible for approximately 10% of TV inactivation. These results indicated that the combination of the genome and spike protein damage did not fully explain inactivation. The findings in this study would contribute to the design of the conditions for PAA applying in the drinking water and wastewater treatment plant and the food industries.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bai, Hezi"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Environ Engr in Civil Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Nguyen, Thanh Huong"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-10-07T22:44:43Z","date_published":"2020-10-07T22:44:43Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:48Z","subjects":["Inactivation mechanisms","Peracetic acid"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2020 Hezi Bai"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108635","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Nguyen, Thanh Huong"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bai, Hezi"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-10-07T22:44:43Z","2022-10-07T22:44:53Z","2020-07-23","2020-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environ Engr in Civil Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Inactivation mechanisms","Peracetic acid"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2020 Hezi Bai"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108635"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Many illnesses caused by viruses are spread by water and fresh products, hence it is critical to inactivate viruses in the water disinfection and food sanitation process. To apply a novel disinfectant requires studies to fully explore the inactivation efficacy and mechanisms of that new disinfectant. In this study, we determined the inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of a potential disinfectant named peracetic acid (PAA) on Tulane virus (TV), a surrogate for human norovirus, at pH 7.8, 5.4 and 4.5. No significant difference was observed between the inactivation kinetics under different concentrations and pHs. A 2.5-log10 reduction in TV infectivity was achieved after 10 min exposure at 10 mg/L PAA or 5 mg/L after 20 min exposure. The efficacy is partly impacted by the significant aggregation of TV under these studied pHs. We explored whether the inactivation was caused by the damage of the genome or the protein capsid or both. The genome damage was revealed by quantifying the viral intact genome using the reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The capsid proteins degradation is determined by quantifying the viruses with the attachment using a binding assay with designed porcine gastric mucin conjugated with magnetic beads (PGM-MBs). Based on our results, only less than 10% of PAA-exposure TV lost the ability to bind to PGM- MBs. A linear correlation between the reduction of TV and TV NSP1 genes suggested that genome damage is only responsible for approximately 10% of TV inactivation. These results indicated that the combination of the genome and spike protein damage did not fully explain inactivation. The findings in this study would contribute to the design of the conditions for PAA applying in the drinking water and wastewater treatment plant and the food industries.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01","The student, Hezi Bai, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-21 at 14:17.","The student, Hezi Bai, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-07-21 at 14:18.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-07-23 at 13:51.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15711 on 2020-10-02 at 15:34:01","Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 BAI-THESIS-2020.pdf: 808593 bytes, checksum: 82e6381ed811ef3750bb624e2aa4d583 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4206 bytes, checksum: f73e54083c6352001686e2678e3e3f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-07-23","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 116262 Lift date: 2022-10-07T22:44:53Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Inactivation mechanisms of human norovirus surrogate Tulane virus by peracetic acid at different pHs"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Nguyen, Thanh Huong"],"dc:creator":["Bai, Hezi"],"dc:date":["2020-10-07T22:44:43Z","2022-10-07T22:44:53Z","2020-07-23","2020-08"],"dc:description":["Many illnesses caused by viruses are spread by water and fresh products, hence it is critical to inactivate viruses in the water disinfection and food sanitation process. To apply a novel disinfectant requires studies to fully explore the inactivation efficacy and mechanisms of that new disinfectant. In this study, we determined the inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of a potential disinfectant named peracetic acid (PAA) on Tulane virus (TV), a surrogate for human norovirus, at pH 7.8, 5.4 and 4.5. No significant difference was observed between the inactivation kinetics under different concentrations and pHs. A 2.5-log10 reduction in TV infectivity was achieved after 10 min exposure at 10 mg/L PAA or 5 mg/L after 20 min exposure. The efficacy is partly impacted by the significant aggregation of TV under these studied pHs. We explored whether the inactivation was caused by the damage of the genome or the protein capsid or both. The genome damage was revealed by quantifying the viral intact genome using the reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The capsid proteins degradation is determined by quantifying the viruses with the attachment using a binding assay with designed porcine gastric mucin conjugated with magnetic beads (PGM-MBs). Based on our results, only less than 10% of PAA-exposure TV lost the ability to bind to PGM- MBs. A linear correlation between the reduction of TV and TV NSP1 genes suggested that genome damage is only responsible for approximately 10% of TV inactivation. These results indicated that the combination of the genome and spike protein damage did not fully explain inactivation. The findings in this study would contribute to the design of the conditions for PAA applying in the drinking water and wastewater treatment plant and the food industries.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01","The student, Hezi Bai, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-21 at 14:17.","The student, Hezi Bai, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-07-21 at 14:18.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-07-23 at 13:51.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15711 on 2020-10-02 at 15:34:01","Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 BAI-THESIS-2020.pdf: 808593 bytes, checksum: 82e6381ed811ef3750bb624e2aa4d583 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4206 bytes, checksum: f73e54083c6352001686e2678e3e3f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-07-23","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 116262 Lift date: 2022-10-07T22:44:53Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108635"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2020 Hezi Bai"],"dc:subject":["Inactivation mechanisms","Peracetic acid"],"dc:title":["Inactivation mechanisms of human norovirus surrogate Tulane virus by peracetic acid at different pHs"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Environ Engr in Civil Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:48Z"}