{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108605"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108605","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Activatable photoacoustic contrast agents for sensing and delivering nitric oxide, and development of small molecule photoacoustic platforms with improved properties for in vivo imaging","abstract":"Molecular imaging is a rapidly expanding and highly interdisciplinary field which strives to visualize and (ideally) quantify chemical and biological processes in living systems. Fortunately, the accessibility of microscopy instrumentation, the commercial availability of a variety of fluorescent dyes, and a thorough understanding of the principles that affect the photophysical properties of these molecules, has facilitated the widespread utilization of fluorescence imaging to scientists of all backgrounds. However, fluorescence imaging is just one of many powerful molecular imaging techniques and is most optimal for studies in cell culture; other methods, including photoacoustic imaging (PAI), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), each provide unique capabilities and can be used effectively at diverse length scales. In the Chan group, we are particularly interested in PAI due to the great potential for high resolution imaging in small animals for preclinical research. As a result, in this document, I briefly discuss the principle of the photoacoustic effect and introduce the basics of photoacoustic tomography (Chapter 1). I then discuss our group’s work to develop near-infrared, ratiometric photoacoustic probes for nitric oxide, with a focus on my contributions to the synthesis and in vivo studies (Chapter 2), as well as my work toward the synthesis and validation of our near-infrared photoactivatable nitric oxide releasing molecules (Chapter 3). I then present a survey of my work to optimize the ratiometric properties of the aza-BODIPY scaffold using conformational restriction (Chapter 4), which represents the first study to investigate the link between structure and ratiometric signal output, followed by my work towards water-soluble congeners that is currently ongoing (Chapter 5). I finish with an introduction to my efforts toward photoacoustic analyte-responsive probes in the second near infrared window, which are also currently underway in our group (Chapter 6). In each chapter, I illustrate the utility of these tools for molecular imaging and highlight our contributions to advancing the field. However, it is important to keep in mind that the full utility of these tools may extend far beyond what is demonstrated here. While my work has focused on the design, optimization, and validation of selective and bioavailable contrast agents, a sustained collaboration between engineers, physicists, chemists, and biologists will be required to improve available PA instrumentation and to design and implement disease models to continue pushing the boundaries of this molecular imaging modality.","abstract_html":"Molecular imaging is a rapidly expanding and highly interdisciplinary field which strives to visualize and (ideally) quantify chemical and biological processes in living systems. Fortunately, the accessibility of microscopy instrumentation, the commercial availability of a variety of fluorescent dyes, and a thorough understanding of the principles that affect the photophysical properties of these molecules, has facilitated the widespread utilization of fluorescence imaging to scientists of all backgrounds. However, fluorescence imaging is just one of many powerful molecular imaging techniques and is most optimal for studies in cell culture; other methods, including photoacoustic imaging (PAI), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), each provide unique capabilities and can be used effectively at diverse length scales. In the Chan group, we are particularly interested in PAI due to the great potential for high resolution imaging in small animals for preclinical research. As a result, in this document, I briefly discuss the principle of the photoacoustic effect and introduce the basics of photoacoustic tomography (Chapter 1). I then discuss our group’s work to develop near-infrared, ratiometric photoacoustic probes for nitric oxide, with a focus on my contributions to the synthesis and in vivo studies (Chapter 2), as well as my work toward the synthesis and validation of our near-infrared photoactivatable nitric oxide releasing molecules (Chapter 3). I then present a survey of my work to optimize the ratiometric properties of the aza-BODIPY scaffold using conformational restriction (Chapter 4), which represents the first study to investigate the link between structure and ratiometric signal output, followed by my work towards water-soluble congeners that is currently ongoing (Chapter 5). I finish with an introduction to my efforts toward photoacoustic analyte-responsive probes in the second near infrared window, which are also currently underway in our group (Chapter 6). In each chapter, I illustrate the utility of these tools for molecular imaging and highlight our contributions to advancing the field. However, it is important to keep in mind that the full utility of these tools may extend far beyond what is demonstrated here. While my work has focused on the design, optimization, and validation of selective and bioavailable contrast agents, a sustained collaboration between engineers, physicists, chemists, and biologists will be required to improve available PA instrumentation and to design and implement disease models to continue pushing the boundaries of this molecular imaging modality.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Zhou, Effie Yingfei"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Chan, Jefferson","Hergenrother, Paul","Mitchell, Douglas","Sarlah, David"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-10-07T22:44:34Z","date_published":"2020-10-07T22:44:34Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:48Z","subjects":["photoacoustic imaging","small molecule","contrast agent","activatable probes","smart probes","nitric oxide","photorelease","photoactivation","conformational restriction","near infrared"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2020 Effie Zhou"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108605","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Chan, Jefferson","Hergenrother, Paul","Mitchell, Douglas","Sarlah, David"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Zhou, Effie Yingfei"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-10-07T22:44:34Z","2022-10-07T22:44:53Z","2020-07-16","2020-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["photoacoustic imaging","small molecule","contrast agent","activatable probes","smart probes","nitric oxide","photorelease","photoactivation","conformational restriction","near infrared"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2020 Effie Zhou"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108605"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Molecular imaging is a rapidly expanding and highly interdisciplinary field which strives to visualize and (ideally) quantify chemical and biological processes in living systems. Fortunately, the accessibility of microscopy instrumentation, the commercial availability of a variety of fluorescent dyes, and a thorough understanding of the principles that affect the photophysical properties of these molecules, has facilitated the widespread utilization of fluorescence imaging to scientists of all backgrounds. However, fluorescence imaging is just one of many powerful molecular imaging techniques and is most optimal for studies in cell culture; other methods, including photoacoustic imaging (PAI), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), each provide unique capabilities and can be used effectively at diverse length scales. In the Chan group, we are particularly interested in PAI due to the great potential for high resolution imaging in small animals for preclinical research. As a result, in this document, I briefly discuss the principle of the photoacoustic effect and introduce the basics of photoacoustic tomography (Chapter 1). I then discuss our group’s work to develop near-infrared, ratiometric photoacoustic probes for nitric oxide, with a focus on my contributions to the synthesis and in vivo studies (Chapter 2), as well as my work toward the synthesis and validation of our near-infrared photoactivatable nitric oxide releasing molecules (Chapter 3). I then present a survey of my work to optimize the ratiometric properties of the aza-BODIPY scaffold using conformational restriction (Chapter 4), which represents the first study to investigate the link between structure and ratiometric signal output, followed by my work towards water-soluble congeners that is currently ongoing (Chapter 5). I finish with an introduction to my efforts toward photoacoustic analyte-responsive probes in the second near infrared window, which are also currently underway in our group (Chapter 6). In each chapter, I illustrate the utility of these tools for molecular imaging and highlight our contributions to advancing the field. However, it is important to keep in mind that the full utility of these tools may extend far beyond what is demonstrated here. While my work has focused on the design, optimization, and validation of selective and bioavailable contrast agents, a sustained collaboration between engineers, physicists, chemists, and biologists will be required to improve available PA instrumentation and to design and implement disease models to continue pushing the boundaries of this molecular imaging modality.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01","The student, Effie Zhou, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-14 at 08:49.","The student, Effie Zhou, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-07-14 at 08:58.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-07-16 at 15:11.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15600 on 2020-10-02 at 15:33:10","Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:44:34Z (GMT). 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Fortunately, the accessibility of microscopy instrumentation, the commercial availability of a variety of fluorescent dyes, and a thorough understanding of the principles that affect the photophysical properties of these molecules, has facilitated the widespread utilization of fluorescence imaging to scientists of all backgrounds. However, fluorescence imaging is just one of many powerful molecular imaging techniques and is most optimal for studies in cell culture; other methods, including photoacoustic imaging (PAI), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), each provide unique capabilities and can be used effectively at diverse length scales. In the Chan group, we are particularly interested in PAI due to the great potential for high resolution imaging in small animals for preclinical research. As a result, in this document, I briefly discuss the principle of the photoacoustic effect and introduce the basics of photoacoustic tomography (Chapter 1). I then discuss our group’s work to develop near-infrared, ratiometric photoacoustic probes for nitric oxide, with a focus on my contributions to the synthesis and in vivo studies (Chapter 2), as well as my work toward the synthesis and validation of our near-infrared photoactivatable nitric oxide releasing molecules (Chapter 3). I then present a survey of my work to optimize the ratiometric properties of the aza-BODIPY scaffold using conformational restriction (Chapter 4), which represents the first study to investigate the link between structure and ratiometric signal output, followed by my work towards water-soluble congeners that is currently ongoing (Chapter 5). I finish with an introduction to my efforts toward photoacoustic analyte-responsive probes in the second near infrared window, which are also currently underway in our group (Chapter 6). In each chapter, I illustrate the utility of these tools for molecular imaging and highlight our contributions to advancing the field. However, it is important to keep in mind that the full utility of these tools may extend far beyond what is demonstrated here. While my work has focused on the design, optimization, and validation of selective and bioavailable contrast agents, a sustained collaboration between engineers, physicists, chemists, and biologists will be required to improve available PA instrumentation and to design and implement disease models to continue pushing the boundaries of this molecular imaging modality.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01","The student, Effie Zhou, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-14 at 08:49.","The student, Effie Zhou, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-07-14 at 08:58.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-07-16 at 15:11.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15600 on 2020-10-02 at 15:33:10","Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:44:34Z (GMT). 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