{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108233"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108233","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Mechanism of virus removal and nutrient reduction and modification of bio-sand filter","abstract":"The objectives of this study were to assess the role of nitrate and ammonia concentrations in the feed water on the removal of bacteriophage MS2 using bio-sand filters (BSFs) and analyze the formation of the bacterial community in BSFs, and modify BSFs with different packing materials and structures. Five bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 4 inches PVC. Two BSFs were fed with high and low nitrate concentrations (50 mg/L and 4mg/L), while the other two BSFs were fed with high and low ammonia concentrations (35 mg/L and 4mg/L). The fifth column was fed with 0.5 mM of bicarbonate buffer and used as the control. The MS2 bacteriophage removal tests were conducted, and effluent was also analyzed for nitrate and ammonia. Also, the influent water chemistry was altered to simulate the seasonal change in feed water conditions. The bacterial communities developed inside these filters were analyzed based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and using ammonia-oxidizing bacteria primers. It was observed that BSFs were able to remove MS2, ammonia to a certain degree but not nitrate. In order to improve nitrate removal in BSF, three bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 3 inches PVC, packed with different proportions of woodchips and sand, and fed with high nitrate concentration (50 mg/L). The proportions of sand and woodchip were different such as 50% of woodchip and sand (filter B), 70% of woodchip and 30% of sand (filter A), and 100% woodchip and 5cm sand layer (filter A’). The results indicated that higher MS2 and nitrate removal could be achieved by using the modified woodchip amended BSFs. The filtration depth was increased by connecting the modified BSF to the conventional BSF, and the different flow direction was also considered. The sequencing of 16 rRNA genes was conducted to analyze the bacterial community in BSFs. These results suggest that the concentrations of nutrients in the feed water can influence the biofilm growth inside BSFs and can have a significant impact on virus removal.","abstract_html":"The objectives of this study were to assess the role of nitrate and ammonia concentrations in the feed water on the removal of bacteriophage MS2 using bio-sand filters (BSFs) and analyze the formation of the bacterial community in BSFs, and modify BSFs with different packing materials and structures. Five bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 4 inches PVC. Two BSFs were fed with high and low nitrate concentrations (50 mg/L and 4mg/L), while the other two BSFs were fed with high and low ammonia concentrations (35 mg/L and 4mg/L). The fifth column was fed with 0.5 mM of bicarbonate buffer and used as the control. The MS2 bacteriophage removal tests were conducted, and effluent was also analyzed for nitrate and ammonia. Also, the influent water chemistry was altered to simulate the seasonal change in feed water conditions. The bacterial communities developed inside these filters were analyzed based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and using ammonia-oxidizing bacteria primers. It was observed that BSFs were able to remove MS2, ammonia to a certain degree but not nitrate. In order to improve nitrate removal in BSF, three bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 3 inches PVC, packed with different proportions of woodchips and sand, and fed with high nitrate concentration (50 mg/L). The proportions of sand and woodchip were different such as 50% of woodchip and sand (filter B), 70% of woodchip and 30% of sand (filter A), and 100% woodchip and 5cm sand layer (filter A’). The results indicated that higher MS2 and nitrate removal could be achieved by using the modified woodchip amended BSFs. The filtration depth was increased by connecting the modified BSF to the conventional BSF, and the different flow direction was also considered. The sequencing of 16 rRNA genes was conducted to analyze the bacterial community in BSFs. These results suggest that the concentrations of nutrients in the feed water can influence the biofilm growth inside BSFs and can have a significant impact on virus removal.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Jang, Chunhwa"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Agricultural & Biological Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Bhattarai, Rabin","Nguyen, Thanh H.","Cooke, Richard A.","Men, Yujie"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-08-27T00:46:52Z","date_published":"2020-08-27T00:46:52Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:48Z","subjects":["Biosand filter","Biofilm","MS2 removal","Ammonia and Nitrate removal"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2020 Chunhwa Jang"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108233","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Bhattarai, Rabin","Nguyen, Thanh H.","Cooke, Richard A.","Men, Yujie"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Jang, Chunhwa"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-08-27T00:46:52Z","2022-08-27T00:51:40Z","2020-03-24","2020-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Agricultural & Biological Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biosand filter","Biofilm","MS2 removal","Ammonia and Nitrate removal"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2020 Chunhwa Jang"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108233"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The objectives of this study were to assess the role of nitrate and ammonia concentrations in the feed water on the removal of bacteriophage MS2 using bio-sand filters (BSFs) and analyze the formation of the bacterial community in BSFs, and modify BSFs with different packing materials and structures. Five bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 4 inches PVC. Two BSFs were fed with high and low nitrate concentrations (50 mg/L and 4mg/L), while the other two BSFs were fed with high and low ammonia concentrations (35 mg/L and 4mg/L). The fifth column was fed with 0.5 mM of bicarbonate buffer and used as the control. The MS2 bacteriophage removal tests were conducted, and effluent was also analyzed for nitrate and ammonia. Also, the influent water chemistry was altered to simulate the seasonal change in feed water conditions. The bacterial communities developed inside these filters were analyzed based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and using ammonia-oxidizing bacteria primers. It was observed that BSFs were able to remove MS2, ammonia to a certain degree but not nitrate. In order to improve nitrate removal in BSF, three bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 3 inches PVC, packed with different proportions of woodchips and sand, and fed with high nitrate concentration (50 mg/L). The proportions of sand and woodchip were different such as 50% of woodchip and sand (filter B), 70% of woodchip and 30% of sand (filter A), and 100% woodchip and 5cm sand layer (filter A’). The results indicated that higher MS2 and nitrate removal could be achieved by using the modified woodchip amended BSFs. The filtration depth was increased by connecting the modified BSF to the conventional BSF, and the different flow direction was also considered. The sequencing of 16 rRNA genes was conducted to analyze the bacterial community in BSFs. These results suggest that the concentrations of nutrients in the feed water can influence the biofilm growth inside BSFs and can have a significant impact on virus removal.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01","The student, Chunhwa Jang, accepted the attached license on 2020-03-13 at 18:12.","The student, Chunhwa Jang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-03-13 at 18:21.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-03-24 at 09:33.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14899 on 2020-08-25 at 17:39:04","Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T00:46:52Z (GMT). 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Five bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 4 inches PVC. Two BSFs were fed with high and low nitrate concentrations (50 mg/L and 4mg/L), while the other two BSFs were fed with high and low ammonia concentrations (35 mg/L and 4mg/L). The fifth column was fed with 0.5 mM of bicarbonate buffer and used as the control. The MS2 bacteriophage removal tests were conducted, and effluent was also analyzed for nitrate and ammonia. Also, the influent water chemistry was altered to simulate the seasonal change in feed water conditions. The bacterial communities developed inside these filters were analyzed based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and using ammonia-oxidizing bacteria primers. It was observed that BSFs were able to remove MS2, ammonia to a certain degree but not nitrate. In order to improve nitrate removal in BSF, three bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 3 inches PVC, packed with different proportions of woodchips and sand, and fed with high nitrate concentration (50 mg/L). The proportions of sand and woodchip were different such as 50% of woodchip and sand (filter B), 70% of woodchip and 30% of sand (filter A), and 100% woodchip and 5cm sand layer (filter A’). The results indicated that higher MS2 and nitrate removal could be achieved by using the modified woodchip amended BSFs. The filtration depth was increased by connecting the modified BSF to the conventional BSF, and the different flow direction was also considered. The sequencing of 16 rRNA genes was conducted to analyze the bacterial community in BSFs. These results suggest that the concentrations of nutrients in the feed water can influence the biofilm growth inside BSFs and can have a significant impact on virus removal.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01","The student, Chunhwa Jang, accepted the attached license on 2020-03-13 at 18:12.","The student, Chunhwa Jang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-03-13 at 18:21.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-03-24 at 09:33.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14899 on 2020-08-25 at 17:39:04","Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T00:46:52Z (GMT). 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