{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108140"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108140","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Gender and the HEXACO model of personality: Meta-analysis, measurement equivalence, and specification of agency as a core construct of investment","abstract":"This paper summarizes gender gaps in the HEXACO six-factor model of personality, on the basis of Wood and Eagly’s (2012) biosocial construction theory of sex differences. A meta-analysis conducted for Study 1 (k = 78 samples, N = 135,959) shows that women tend to be notably higher than men on Honesty-Humility (dc = .45) and Emotionality (dc = .1.03), but that gender gaps are smaller for eXtraversion (dc = -.03), Agreeableness (dc = -.01), Conscientiousness (dc = .16), and Openness (dc = .09). Study 2 assesses gender measurement equivalence in the HEXACO, to establish that the observed gender mean differences in HEXACO domains can be attributed to actual differences in the underlying constructs, rather than to measurement bias (i.e., supporting metric and scalar equivalence). Finally, Study 3 proposes and tests whether observed gender gaps in the HEXACO facets can be attributed to facet-level saturation with agentic and communal content. Results show that agentic trait saturation is correlated r = -.77 with gender gaps in personality facets, communal trait saturation is correlated only r = .07 with gender gaps in personality facets, and that agentic and communal trait saturation combined correlate R = .80 with facet-level gender gaps. As such, gender gaps in HEXACO personality appear to be largely attributable to agentic trait saturation. Implications for gender gaps in personality and personality measurement under the HEXACO model are discussed.","abstract_html":"This paper summarizes gender gaps in the HEXACO six-factor model of personality, on the basis of Wood and Eagly’s (2012) biosocial construction theory of sex differences. A meta-analysis conducted for Study 1 (k = 78 samples, N = 135,959) shows that women tend to be notably higher than men on Honesty-Humility (dc = .45) and Emotionality (dc = .1.03), but that gender gaps are smaller for eXtraversion (dc = -.03), Agreeableness (dc = -.01), Conscientiousness (dc = .16), and Openness (dc = .09). Study 2 assesses gender measurement equivalence in the HEXACO, to establish that the observed gender mean differences in HEXACO domains can be attributed to actual differences in the underlying constructs, rather than to measurement bias (i.e., supporting metric and scalar equivalence). Finally, Study 3 proposes and tests whether observed gender gaps in the HEXACO facets can be attributed to facet-level saturation with agentic and communal content. Results show that agentic trait saturation is correlated r = -.77 with gender gaps in personality facets, communal trait saturation is correlated only r = .07 with gender gaps in personality facets, and that agentic and communal trait saturation combined correlate R = .80 with facet-level gender gaps. As such, gender gaps in HEXACO personality appear to be largely attributable to agentic trait saturation. Implications for gender gaps in personality and personality measurement under the HEXACO model are discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Morales, Nicole Alyssa"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Newman, Daniel A","Rounds, James"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-08-26T23:57:21Z","date_published":"2020-08-26T23:57:21Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:47Z","subjects":["HEXACO","personality","individual differences","agency","gender differences"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2020 Nicole Morales"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108140","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Newman, Daniel A","Rounds, James"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Morales, Nicole Alyssa"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-08-26T23:57:21Z","2022-08-26T23:58:55Z","2020-05-04","2020-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["HEXACO","personality","individual differences","agency","gender differences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2020 Nicole Morales"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108140"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This paper summarizes gender gaps in the HEXACO six-factor model of personality, on the basis of Wood and Eagly’s (2012) biosocial construction theory of sex differences. A meta-analysis conducted for Study 1 (k = 78 samples, N = 135,959) shows that women tend to be notably higher than men on Honesty-Humility (dc = .45) and Emotionality (dc = .1.03), but that gender gaps are smaller for eXtraversion (dc = -.03), Agreeableness (dc = -.01), Conscientiousness (dc = .16), and Openness (dc = .09). Study 2 assesses gender measurement equivalence in the HEXACO, to establish that the observed gender mean differences in HEXACO domains can be attributed to actual differences in the underlying constructs, rather than to measurement bias (i.e., supporting metric and scalar equivalence). Finally, Study 3 proposes and tests whether observed gender gaps in the HEXACO facets can be attributed to facet-level saturation with agentic and communal content. Results show that agentic trait saturation is correlated r = -.77 with gender gaps in personality facets, communal trait saturation is correlated only r = .07 with gender gaps in personality facets, and that agentic and communal trait saturation combined correlate R = .80 with facet-level gender gaps. As such, gender gaps in HEXACO personality appear to be largely attributable to agentic trait saturation. Implications for gender gaps in personality and personality measurement under the HEXACO model are discussed.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01","The student, Nicole Morales, accepted the attached license on 2020-05-01 at 11:55.","The student, Nicole Morales, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-05-01 at 12:30.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-05-04 at 16:47.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15147 on 2020-08-25 at 17:28:34","Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-26T23:57:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 MORALES-THESIS-2020.pdf: 443792 bytes, checksum: 55a836a26def0c926550eecdc70da313 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4211 bytes, checksum: f6eec7a32ed6029e8b2fbd0d0b47233d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-05-04","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115752 Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:57:28Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115752 Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:58:55Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Gender and the HEXACO model of personality: Meta-analysis, measurement equivalence, and specification of agency as a core construct of investment"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Newman, Daniel A","Rounds, James"],"dc:creator":["Morales, Nicole Alyssa"],"dc:date":["2020-08-26T23:57:21Z","2022-08-26T23:58:55Z","2020-05-04","2020-05"],"dc:description":["This paper summarizes gender gaps in the HEXACO six-factor model of personality, on the basis of Wood and Eagly’s (2012) biosocial construction theory of sex differences. A meta-analysis conducted for Study 1 (k = 78 samples, N = 135,959) shows that women tend to be notably higher than men on Honesty-Humility (dc = .45) and Emotionality (dc = .1.03), but that gender gaps are smaller for eXtraversion (dc = -.03), Agreeableness (dc = -.01), Conscientiousness (dc = .16), and Openness (dc = .09). Study 2 assesses gender measurement equivalence in the HEXACO, to establish that the observed gender mean differences in HEXACO domains can be attributed to actual differences in the underlying constructs, rather than to measurement bias (i.e., supporting metric and scalar equivalence). Finally, Study 3 proposes and tests whether observed gender gaps in the HEXACO facets can be attributed to facet-level saturation with agentic and communal content. Results show that agentic trait saturation is correlated r = -.77 with gender gaps in personality facets, communal trait saturation is correlated only r = .07 with gender gaps in personality facets, and that agentic and communal trait saturation combined correlate R = .80 with facet-level gender gaps. As such, gender gaps in HEXACO personality appear to be largely attributable to agentic trait saturation. Implications for gender gaps in personality and personality measurement under the HEXACO model are discussed.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01","The student, Nicole Morales, accepted the attached license on 2020-05-01 at 11:55.","The student, Nicole Morales, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-05-01 at 12:30.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-05-04 at 16:47.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15147 on 2020-08-25 at 17:28:34","Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-26T23:57:21Z (GMT). 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