{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/106445"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/106445","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Optogenetic control of developmental signaling pathways","abstract":"How a complex multicellular organism forms from a single cell is a question that defies simplistic understanding. Yet, embryonic developmental programs use a surprisingly small set of signaling pathways to pattern the embryonic tissue into germ layers from which the various tissues and organs emerge. A hallmark of embryonic development is that these recurring developmental signaling pathways are carefully orchestrated in space and time to facilitate proper development. Understanding the spatiotemporal intricacies of these pathways necessitates tools which enable their perturbation in precisely defined spatiotemporal patterns. Optogenetics uses light-induced conformational changes to enable or disable protein-protein interactions, thereby permitting control of signal transduction at the flip of a switch. Consequently, light is emerging as a powerful tool to study embryonic development owing to its rapid, reversible and residue-free application, which empowers the researcher with excellent spatial and temporal control of signaling. Here, I first review recent accomplishments in optical microscopy and optogenetics which highlight the dual roles of light in visualizing as well as perturbing cellular microenvironments and processes. Second, I present an optogenetic approach to control the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which we successfully applied in both neuroblasts and frog embryos. Third, I demonstrate an optogenetic approach to control the Wnt signaling pathway in mammalian cells and frog embryos. Finally, I propose and provide working proof for a generalizable optogenetic platform to control those developmental signaling pathways, the activities of which involve the homo-association of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases.","abstract_html":"How a complex multicellular organism forms from a single cell is a question that defies simplistic understanding. Yet, embryonic developmental programs use a surprisingly small set of signaling pathways to pattern the embryonic tissue into germ layers from which the various tissues and organs emerge. A hallmark of embryonic development is that these recurring developmental signaling pathways are carefully orchestrated in space and time to facilitate proper development. Understanding the spatiotemporal intricacies of these pathways necessitates tools which enable their perturbation in precisely defined spatiotemporal patterns. Optogenetics uses light-induced conformational changes to enable or disable protein-protein interactions, thereby permitting control of signal transduction at the flip of a switch. Consequently, light is emerging as a powerful tool to study embryonic development owing to its rapid, reversible and residue-free application, which empowers the researcher with excellent spatial and temporal control of signaling. Here, I first review recent accomplishments in optical microscopy and optogenetics which highlight the dual roles of light in visualizing as well as perturbing cellular microenvironments and processes. Second, I present an optogenetic approach to control the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which we successfully applied in both neuroblasts and frog embryos. Third, I demonstrate an optogenetic approach to control the Wnt signaling pathway in mammalian cells and frog embryos. Finally, I propose and provide working proof for a generalizable optogenetic platform to control those developmental signaling pathways, the activities of which involve the homo-association of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Krishnamurthy, Vishnu Vardhan"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Biochemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Zhang, Kai","Fratti, Rutilio A","Ceman, Stephanie","Kalsotra, Auinash"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-03-02T22:38:43Z","date_published":"2020-03-02T22:38:43Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:47Z","subjects":["Developmental signaling","Optogenetics","CRY2-CIBN","Raf1","LRP6","Wnt","FGFR","TrkA","TrkB","RTK","Xenopus"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2019 Vishnu Krishnamurthy"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/106445","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Zhang, Kai","Fratti, Rutilio A","Ceman, Stephanie","Kalsotra, Auinash"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Krishnamurthy, Vishnu Vardhan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-03-02T22:38:43Z","2022-03-03T10:15:19Z","2019-12-04","2019-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biochemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Developmental signaling","Optogenetics","CRY2-CIBN","Raf1","LRP6","Wnt","FGFR","TrkA","TrkB","RTK","Xenopus"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2019 Vishnu Krishnamurthy"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/106445"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["How a complex multicellular organism forms from a single cell is a question that defies simplistic understanding. Yet, embryonic developmental programs use a surprisingly small set of signaling pathways to pattern the embryonic tissue into germ layers from which the various tissues and organs emerge. A hallmark of embryonic development is that these recurring developmental signaling pathways are carefully orchestrated in space and time to facilitate proper development. Understanding the spatiotemporal intricacies of these pathways necessitates tools which enable their perturbation in precisely defined spatiotemporal patterns. Optogenetics uses light-induced conformational changes to enable or disable protein-protein interactions, thereby permitting control of signal transduction at the flip of a switch. Consequently, light is emerging as a powerful tool to study embryonic development owing to its rapid, reversible and residue-free application, which empowers the researcher with excellent spatial and temporal control of signaling. Here, I first review recent accomplishments in optical microscopy and optogenetics which highlight the dual roles of light in visualizing as well as perturbing cellular microenvironments and processes. Second, I present an optogenetic approach to control the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which we successfully applied in both neuroblasts and frog embryos. Third, I demonstrate an optogenetic approach to control the Wnt signaling pathway in mammalian cells and frog embryos. Finally, I propose and provide working proof for a generalizable optogenetic platform to control those developmental signaling pathways, the activities of which involve the homo-association of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-12-01","The student, Vishnu Vardhan Krishnamurthy, accepted the attached license on 2019-11-27 at 10:27.","The student, Vishnu Vardhan Krishnamurthy, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-11-27 at 10:29.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-12-04 at 10:19.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14554 on 2020-02-28 at 17:36:14","Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T22:38:43Z (GMT). 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Here, I first review recent accomplishments in optical microscopy and optogenetics which highlight the dual roles of light in visualizing as well as perturbing cellular microenvironments and processes. Second, I present an optogenetic approach to control the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which we successfully applied in both neuroblasts and frog embryos. Third, I demonstrate an optogenetic approach to control the Wnt signaling pathway in mammalian cells and frog embryos. Finally, I propose and provide working proof for a generalizable optogenetic platform to control those developmental signaling pathways, the activities of which involve the homo-association of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-12-01","The student, Vishnu Vardhan Krishnamurthy, accepted the attached license on 2019-11-27 at 10:27.","The student, Vishnu Vardhan Krishnamurthy, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-11-27 at 10:29.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-12-04 at 10:19.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14554 on 2020-02-28 at 17:36:14","Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T22:38:43Z (GMT). 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