{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/106369"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/106369","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Digital amplification for pathogen detection in bloodstream infections from whole blood","abstract":"Sensitive and specific detection of bacteria is essential for control and treatment of bloodstream infections. Sepsis, a diagnostic challenge of blood stream infections, causes thousands of deaths each year. The gold standard for detection and identification of microorganisms is blood culture, which can take up to 5 days to yield a diagnosis or a negative result. Molecular diagnostic methods and nucleic acid assays developed to detect pathogens often require enrichment through blood culture prior to DNA extraction. Nonetheless, state of the art diagnostic tests that detect pathogens directly from blood are available with limitations. Increased amount of sample processing and purification is required before detection of pathogens and turnaround time to results can be up to 8 hours. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of such assays are broad in range. Thus, there is a need for a rapid detection method that can identify pathogens from whole blood within 1-2 hours, with minimal sample processing and high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we demonstrate detection of bacterial pathogens from whole blood through loop mediated isothermal amplification without the steps of DNA purification and extraction. Whole blood with pathogens is dried to tubes, creating separated phases of the cellular debris of blood from the amplification reaction and allowing for separation of background human DNA from target DNA as well as better detection of amplicons that are not masked by red blood cells. We show that this method is robust, having a detection limit of 1 cfu of pathogens in 4uL of whole blood. In preparation of processing higher blood volumes in a digital amplification method, we also show characterization experiments and preliminary results of amplification of pathogens from whole blood on chip.","abstract_html":"Sensitive and specific detection of bacteria is essential for control and treatment of bloodstream infections. Sepsis, a diagnostic challenge of blood stream infections, causes thousands of deaths each year. The gold standard for detection and identification of microorganisms is blood culture, which can take up to 5 days to yield a diagnosis or a negative result. Molecular diagnostic methods and nucleic acid assays developed to detect pathogens often require enrichment through blood culture prior to DNA extraction. Nonetheless, state of the art diagnostic tests that detect pathogens directly from blood are available with limitations. Increased amount of sample processing and purification is required before detection of pathogens and turnaround time to results can be up to 8 hours. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of such assays are broad in range. Thus, there is a need for a rapid detection method that can identify pathogens from whole blood within 1-2 hours, with minimal sample processing and high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we demonstrate detection of bacterial pathogens from whole blood through loop mediated isothermal amplification without the steps of DNA purification and extraction. Whole blood with pathogens is dried to tubes, creating separated phases of the cellular debris of blood from the amplification reaction and allowing for separation of background human DNA from target DNA as well as better detection of amplicons that are not masked by red blood cells. We show that this method is robust, having a detection limit of 1 cfu of pathogens in 4uL of whole blood. In preparation of processing higher blood volumes in a digital amplification method, we also show characterization experiments and preliminary results of amplification of pathogens from whole blood on chip.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Mostafa, Ariana"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Bioengineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Bashir, Rashid"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-03-02T22:15:06Z","date_published":"2020-03-02T22:15:06Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:45Z","subjects":["Amplification, Pathogen Detection, Sepsis, Whole Blood, Digital, Chip"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2019 Ariana Mostafa"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/106369","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Bashir, Rashid"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Mostafa, Ariana"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-03-02T22:15:06Z","2022-03-03T10:15:22Z","2019-12-05","2019-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Bioengineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Amplification, Pathogen Detection, Sepsis, Whole Blood, Digital, Chip"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2019 Ariana Mostafa"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/106369"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Sensitive and specific detection of bacteria is essential for control and treatment of bloodstream infections. Sepsis, a diagnostic challenge of blood stream infections, causes thousands of deaths each year. The gold standard for detection and identification of microorganisms is blood culture, which can take up to 5 days to yield a diagnosis or a negative result. Molecular diagnostic methods and nucleic acid assays developed to detect pathogens often require enrichment through blood culture prior to DNA extraction. Nonetheless, state of the art diagnostic tests that detect pathogens directly from blood are available with limitations. Increased amount of sample processing and purification is required before detection of pathogens and turnaround time to results can be up to 8 hours. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of such assays are broad in range. Thus, there is a need for a rapid detection method that can identify pathogens from whole blood within 1-2 hours, with minimal sample processing and high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we demonstrate detection of bacterial pathogens from whole blood through loop mediated isothermal amplification without the steps of DNA purification and extraction. Whole blood with pathogens is dried to tubes, creating separated phases of the cellular debris of blood from the amplification reaction and allowing for separation of background human DNA from target DNA as well as better detection of amplicons that are not masked by red blood cells. We show that this method is robust, having a detection limit of 1 cfu of pathogens in 4uL of whole blood. In preparation of processing higher blood volumes in a digital amplification method, we also show characterization experiments and preliminary results of amplification of pathogens from whole blood on chip.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-12-01","The student, Ariana Mostafa, accepted the attached license on 2019-12-04 at 05:15.","The student, Ariana Mostafa, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-12-04 at 05:29.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-12-05 at 09:04.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14686 on 2020-02-28 at 17:23:14","Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T22:15:06Z (GMT). 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Sepsis, a diagnostic challenge of blood stream infections, causes thousands of deaths each year. The gold standard for detection and identification of microorganisms is blood culture, which can take up to 5 days to yield a diagnosis or a negative result. Molecular diagnostic methods and nucleic acid assays developed to detect pathogens often require enrichment through blood culture prior to DNA extraction. Nonetheless, state of the art diagnostic tests that detect pathogens directly from blood are available with limitations. Increased amount of sample processing and purification is required before detection of pathogens and turnaround time to results can be up to 8 hours. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of such assays are broad in range. Thus, there is a need for a rapid detection method that can identify pathogens from whole blood within 1-2 hours, with minimal sample processing and high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we demonstrate detection of bacterial pathogens from whole blood through loop mediated isothermal amplification without the steps of DNA purification and extraction. Whole blood with pathogens is dried to tubes, creating separated phases of the cellular debris of blood from the amplification reaction and allowing for separation of background human DNA from target DNA as well as better detection of amplicons that are not masked by red blood cells. We show that this method is robust, having a detection limit of 1 cfu of pathogens in 4uL of whole blood. In preparation of processing higher blood volumes in a digital amplification method, we also show characterization experiments and preliminary results of amplification of pathogens from whole blood on chip.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-12-01","The student, Ariana Mostafa, accepted the attached license on 2019-12-04 at 05:15.","The student, Ariana Mostafa, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-12-04 at 05:29.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-12-05 at 09:04.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14686 on 2020-02-28 at 17:23:14","Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T22:15:06Z (GMT). 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