{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/106274"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/106274","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Determining the role of neglected N+ heavy ions in the earth’s inner magnetosphere","abstract":"Changes in the heavy ion composition in the Earth’s terrestrial ionosphere and magnetosphere can have significant impacts on the particle dynamics in the Earth’s magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The contribution of N+ to the ring current population, in addition to that of O+, has long been neglected, primarily because most instruments flying in space could not distinguish between O+ and N+ due to their similar masses. For example, the magnetospheric missions, such as the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and the Van Allen Probes, cannot distinguish N+ from O+ because of their similar masses. However, the limited observations of N+ both in the ionosphere and magnetosphere indicate that N+ in the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere is significant and a constant companion of O+, especially during the storm time. Moreover, the variation of the N+/O+ ratio depends on the solar condition. In spite of only 12% mass difference, N+ and O+ have different charge exchange cross sections with geocorona neutral H, especially at higher particle energies. Since the charge exchange collision constitutes the dominant mechanism of the decay of the ring current during the slow recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm, tracking the respective behaviors of N+ and O+ ions in the inner magnetosphere is required. We have already modified the Hot Electron Ion Drift Integrator (HEIDI) model, the ring current model, to account for the motion of N+ ions in the Earth’s ring current. In order to assess the contribution of N+ in the evolution of the ring current, we analyzed the behavior of N+ in the ring current with HEIDI in a synthetic storm simulation. The simulation results show that the N+ ions in the inner magnetosphere are lost at different rates than the energetic O+ ions because of different charge exchange cross section. Moreover, the presence of N+ in the ring current can impact the magnetospheric process, leading to a faster recovery rate of a geomagnetic storm.","abstract_html":"Changes in the heavy ion composition in the Earth’s terrestrial ionosphere and magnetosphere can have significant impacts on the particle dynamics in the Earth’s magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The contribution of N+ to the ring current population, in addition to that of O+, has long been neglected, primarily because most instruments flying in space could not distinguish between O+ and N+ due to their similar masses. For example, the magnetospheric missions, such as the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and the Van Allen Probes, cannot distinguish N+ from O+ because of their similar masses. However, the limited observations of N+ both in the ionosphere and magnetosphere indicate that N+ in the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere is significant and a constant companion of O+, especially during the storm time. Moreover, the variation of the N+/O+ ratio depends on the solar condition. In spite of only 12% mass difference, N+ and O+ have different charge exchange cross sections with geocorona neutral H, especially at higher particle energies. Since the charge exchange collision constitutes the dominant mechanism of the decay of the ring current during the slow recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm, tracking the respective behaviors of N+ and O+ ions in the inner magnetosphere is required. We have already modified the Hot Electron Ion Drift Integrator (HEIDI) model, the ring current model, to account for the motion of N+ ions in the Earth’s ring current. In order to assess the contribution of N+ in the evolution of the ring current, we analyzed the behavior of N+ in the ring current with HEIDI in a synthetic storm simulation. The simulation results show that the N+ ions in the inner magnetosphere are lost at different rates than the energetic O+ ions because of different charge exchange cross section. Moreover, the presence of N+ in the ring current can impact the magnetospheric process, leading to a faster recovery rate of a geomagnetic storm.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lin, Mei-Yun"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Electrical & Computer Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ilie, Raluca"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-03-02T21:58:33Z","date_published":"2020-03-02T21:58:33Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:45Z","subjects":["Ion Outflow","Ring Current","Space Weather"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2019 Mei-Yun Lin"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/106274","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ilie, Raluca"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lin, Mei-Yun"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020-03-02T21:58:33Z","2019-12-10","2019-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Electrical & Computer Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Ion Outflow","Ring Current","Space Weather"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2019 Mei-Yun Lin"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/106274"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Changes in the heavy ion composition in the Earth’s terrestrial ionosphere and magnetosphere can have significant impacts on the particle dynamics in the Earth’s magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The contribution of N+ to the ring current population, in addition to that of O+, has long been neglected, primarily because most instruments flying in space could not distinguish between O+ and N+ due to their similar masses. For example, the magnetospheric missions, such as the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and the Van Allen Probes, cannot distinguish N+ from O+ because of their similar masses. However, the limited observations of N+ both in the ionosphere and magnetosphere indicate that N+ in the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere is significant and a constant companion of O+, especially during the storm time. Moreover, the variation of the N+/O+ ratio depends on the solar condition. In spite of only 12% mass difference, N+ and O+ have different charge exchange cross sections with geocorona neutral H, especially at higher particle energies. Since the charge exchange collision constitutes the dominant mechanism of the decay of the ring current during the slow recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm, tracking the respective behaviors of N+ and O+ ions in the inner magnetosphere is required. We have already modified the Hot Electron Ion Drift Integrator (HEIDI) model, the ring current model, to account for the motion of N+ ions in the Earth’s ring current. In order to assess the contribution of N+ in the evolution of the ring current, we analyzed the behavior of N+ in the ring current with HEIDI in a synthetic storm simulation. The simulation results show that the N+ ions in the inner magnetosphere are lost at different rates than the energetic O+ ions because of different charge exchange cross section. Moreover, the presence of N+ in the ring current can impact the magnetospheric process, leading to a faster recovery rate of a geomagnetic storm.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2020-02-28 without embargo terms","The student, Mei-Yun Lin, accepted the attached license on 2019-12-10 at 14:09.","The student, Mei-Yun Lin, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-12-10 at 14:18.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-12-10 at 14:47.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14774 on 2020-02-28 at 17:16:26","Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T21:58:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LIN-THESIS-2019.pdf: 19339251 bytes, checksum: 57e444b594a3f84938504028e336fbe9 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: c1871e75d8982a0fc21d0a70ee8dbd04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-12-10"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Determining the role of neglected N+ heavy ions in the earth’s inner magnetosphere"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ilie, Raluca"],"dc:creator":["Lin, Mei-Yun"],"dc:date":["2020-03-02T21:58:33Z","2019-12-10","2019-12"],"dc:description":["Changes in the heavy ion composition in the Earth’s terrestrial ionosphere and magnetosphere can have significant impacts on the particle dynamics in the Earth’s magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The contribution of N+ to the ring current population, in addition to that of O+, has long been neglected, primarily because most instruments flying in space could not distinguish between O+ and N+ due to their similar masses. For example, the magnetospheric missions, such as the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and the Van Allen Probes, cannot distinguish N+ from O+ because of their similar masses. However, the limited observations of N+ both in the ionosphere and magnetosphere indicate that N+ in the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere is significant and a constant companion of O+, especially during the storm time. Moreover, the variation of the N+/O+ ratio depends on the solar condition. In spite of only 12% mass difference, N+ and O+ have different charge exchange cross sections with geocorona neutral H, especially at higher particle energies. Since the charge exchange collision constitutes the dominant mechanism of the decay of the ring current during the slow recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm, tracking the respective behaviors of N+ and O+ ions in the inner magnetosphere is required. We have already modified the Hot Electron Ion Drift Integrator (HEIDI) model, the ring current model, to account for the motion of N+ ions in the Earth’s ring current. In order to assess the contribution of N+ in the evolution of the ring current, we analyzed the behavior of N+ in the ring current with HEIDI in a synthetic storm simulation. The simulation results show that the N+ ions in the inner magnetosphere are lost at different rates than the energetic O+ ions because of different charge exchange cross section. Moreover, the presence of N+ in the ring current can impact the magnetospheric process, leading to a faster recovery rate of a geomagnetic storm.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2020-02-28 without embargo terms","The student, Mei-Yun Lin, accepted the attached license on 2019-12-10 at 14:09.","The student, Mei-Yun Lin, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-12-10 at 14:18.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-12-10 at 14:47.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14774 on 2020-02-28 at 17:16:26","Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T21:58:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LIN-THESIS-2019.pdf: 19339251 bytes, checksum: 57e444b594a3f84938504028e336fbe9 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: c1871e75d8982a0fc21d0a70ee8dbd04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-12-10"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/106274"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2019 Mei-Yun Lin"],"dc:subject":["Ion Outflow","Ring Current","Space Weather"],"dc:title":["Determining the role of neglected N+ heavy ions in the earth’s inner magnetosphere"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Electrical & Computer Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:45Z"}