{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/105919"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/105919","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Phytochemical diversity and genetics of purple corn","abstract":"Color strongly influences the perception of food and beverage quality and plays an important role in the marketing, desirability, and consumption of food and beverage products. Increasing demand for more natural products has spurred interest in natural colorants, especially from sources rich in anthocyanins, red to purple plant pigments. Anthocyanin-rich purple corn is being explored as a potential economical source of natural colorant. Our recent survey of colored corn maize germplasm identified a purple corn landrace, Apache Red (AR), with great pigment variability and intensity. Further breeding and investigation of this line resulted in the identification of AR lines with mostly pelargonidin-derived anthocyanins (orange-red) as opposed to the traditional cyanidin-dominant (red-pink) anthocyanin content of other available purple corn varieties. This unique anthocyanin profile may be attractive to the food and beverage industry looking for orange or red natural colorants. Examination of AR lines also resulted in the identification of new flavanol-anthocyanin condensed pigments not previously reported in maize. Further analysis of AR phytochemistry identified abundant apigenin-derived flavones that were found to copigment with anthocyanins, resulting in darker and bluer extracts and improved anthocyanin stability in a model beverage. Given the unique phytochemical diversity present in AR, a large-scale AR mapping population was created and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing, and phenotyped for flavonoid content using HPLC. GWAS (genome-wide association studies) revealed several candidate genes associated with anthocyanin concentration and type as well as flux through the flavonoid pathway. Of interest were candidates found for an O-methyltransferase involved in peonidin biosynthesis, an anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) associated with flavonol synthesis, and MATE transporters that may function in more efficient vacuolar sequestration of acylated anthocyanins. In addition to GWAS, GS was used to predict anthocyanin content in AR. Five-fold cross validation resulted in high prediction accuracies, suggesting GS will be useful in landrace development and may be useful for other purple corn breeding programs. Results from these studies have helped inform breeding goals and provide a foundation for future research into anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis in maize pericarp.","abstract_html":"Color strongly influences the perception of food and beverage quality and plays an important role in the marketing, desirability, and consumption of food and beverage products. Increasing demand for more natural products has spurred interest in natural colorants, especially from sources rich in anthocyanins, red to purple plant pigments. Anthocyanin-rich purple corn is being explored as a potential economical source of natural colorant. Our recent survey of colored corn maize germplasm identified a purple corn landrace, Apache Red (AR), with great pigment variability and intensity. Further breeding and investigation of this line resulted in the identification of AR lines with mostly pelargonidin-derived anthocyanins (orange-red) as opposed to the traditional cyanidin-dominant (red-pink) anthocyanin content of other available purple corn varieties. This unique anthocyanin profile may be attractive to the food and beverage industry looking for orange or red natural colorants. Examination of AR lines also resulted in the identification of new flavanol-anthocyanin condensed pigments not previously reported in maize. Further analysis of AR phytochemistry identified abundant apigenin-derived flavones that were found to copigment with anthocyanins, resulting in darker and bluer extracts and improved anthocyanin stability in a model beverage. Given the unique phytochemical diversity present in AR, a large-scale AR mapping population was created and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing, and phenotyped for flavonoid content using HPLC. GWAS (genome-wide association studies) revealed several candidate genes associated with anthocyanin concentration and type as well as flux through the flavonoid pathway. Of interest were candidates found for an O-methyltransferase involved in peonidin biosynthesis, an anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) associated with flavonol synthesis, and MATE transporters that may function in more efficient vacuolar sequestration of acylated anthocyanins. In addition to GWAS, GS was used to predict anthocyanin content in AR. Five-fold cross validation resulted in high prediction accuracies, suggesting GS will be useful in landrace development and may be useful for other purple corn breeding programs. Results from these studies have helped inform breeding goals and provide a foundation for future research into anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis in maize pericarp.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Chatham, Laura A."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Crop Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Juvik, John A.","Studer, Anthony","Brown, Patrick J.","Sacks, Erik","West, Leslie"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-11-26T20:59:41Z","date_published":"2019-11-26T20:59:41Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:45Z","subjects":["Anthocyanins, Purple Corn"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2019 Laura Chatham"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/105919","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Juvik, John A.","Studer, Anthony","Brown, Patrick J.","Sacks, Erik","West, Leslie"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Chatham, Laura A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-11-26T20:59:41Z","2021-11-27T10:15:20Z","2019-07-10","2019-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Crop Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Anthocyanins, Purple Corn"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2019 Laura Chatham"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/105919"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Color strongly influences the perception of food and beverage quality and plays an important role in the marketing, desirability, and consumption of food and beverage products. Increasing demand for more natural products has spurred interest in natural colorants, especially from sources rich in anthocyanins, red to purple plant pigments. Anthocyanin-rich purple corn is being explored as a potential economical source of natural colorant. Our recent survey of colored corn maize germplasm identified a purple corn landrace, Apache Red (AR), with great pigment variability and intensity. Further breeding and investigation of this line resulted in the identification of AR lines with mostly pelargonidin-derived anthocyanins (orange-red) as opposed to the traditional cyanidin-dominant (red-pink) anthocyanin content of other available purple corn varieties. This unique anthocyanin profile may be attractive to the food and beverage industry looking for orange or red natural colorants. Examination of AR lines also resulted in the identification of new flavanol-anthocyanin condensed pigments not previously reported in maize. Further analysis of AR phytochemistry identified abundant apigenin-derived flavones that were found to copigment with anthocyanins, resulting in darker and bluer extracts and improved anthocyanin stability in a model beverage. Given the unique phytochemical diversity present in AR, a large-scale AR mapping population was created and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing, and phenotyped for flavonoid content using HPLC. GWAS (genome-wide association studies) revealed several candidate genes associated with anthocyanin concentration and type as well as flux through the flavonoid pathway. Of interest were candidates found for an O-methyltransferase involved in peonidin biosynthesis, an anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) associated with flavonol synthesis, and MATE transporters that may function in more efficient vacuolar sequestration of acylated anthocyanins. In addition to GWAS, GS was used to predict anthocyanin content in AR. Five-fold cross validation resulted in high prediction accuracies, suggesting GS will be useful in landrace development and may be useful for other purple corn breeding programs. Results from these studies have helped inform breeding goals and provide a foundation for future research into anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis in maize pericarp.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01","The student, Laura Chatham, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-09 at 20:50.","The student, Laura Chatham, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-07-09 at 21:56.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-07-10 at 12:42.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14233 on 2019-11-26 at 14:02:10","Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:59:41Z (GMT). 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Increasing demand for more natural products has spurred interest in natural colorants, especially from sources rich in anthocyanins, red to purple plant pigments. Anthocyanin-rich purple corn is being explored as a potential economical source of natural colorant. Our recent survey of colored corn maize germplasm identified a purple corn landrace, Apache Red (AR), with great pigment variability and intensity. Further breeding and investigation of this line resulted in the identification of AR lines with mostly pelargonidin-derived anthocyanins (orange-red) as opposed to the traditional cyanidin-dominant (red-pink) anthocyanin content of other available purple corn varieties. This unique anthocyanin profile may be attractive to the food and beverage industry looking for orange or red natural colorants. Examination of AR lines also resulted in the identification of new flavanol-anthocyanin condensed pigments not previously reported in maize. Further analysis of AR phytochemistry identified abundant apigenin-derived flavones that were found to copigment with anthocyanins, resulting in darker and bluer extracts and improved anthocyanin stability in a model beverage. Given the unique phytochemical diversity present in AR, a large-scale AR mapping population was created and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing, and phenotyped for flavonoid content using HPLC. GWAS (genome-wide association studies) revealed several candidate genes associated with anthocyanin concentration and type as well as flux through the flavonoid pathway. Of interest were candidates found for an O-methyltransferase involved in peonidin biosynthesis, an anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) associated with flavonol synthesis, and MATE transporters that may function in more efficient vacuolar sequestration of acylated anthocyanins. In addition to GWAS, GS was used to predict anthocyanin content in AR. Five-fold cross validation resulted in high prediction accuracies, suggesting GS will be useful in landrace development and may be useful for other purple corn breeding programs. Results from these studies have helped inform breeding goals and provide a foundation for future research into anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis in maize pericarp.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01","The student, Laura Chatham, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-09 at 20:50.","The student, Laura Chatham, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-07-09 at 21:56.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-07-10 at 12:42.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14233 on 2019-11-26 at 14:02:10","Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:59:41Z (GMT). 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