{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/105177"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/105177","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"First detection of otarine herpesvirus-1 in South America: Characterizing the epidemiology in a Peruvian pinniped population","abstract":"Otarine herpesvirus-1 (OtHV-1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), but rarely considered a conservation concern in the southern hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) and Peruvian fur seals (Arctocephalus australis unnamed subspecies) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtHV-1 and to determine prevalence by demographic factors. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing revealed 99% homology to OtHV-1 at the DNA polymerase gene. Urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds at Punta San Juan between 2011-2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtHV-1 DNA polymerase gene. In total, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtHV-1. Agreement in OtHV-1 detection between sampling sites was minimal to non-existent (Cohen’s Kappa=0.027-0.386). The most parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model predicting OtHV-1 detection (P < 0.0001) included species and age class, with South American sea lions (32/81, 39.5%) having a higher prevalence of OtHV-1 in urogenital swabs than Peruvian fur seals (19/51, 37.2%), and adults (46/95, 48.4%) having a higher prevalence than pups (5/37, 13.5%). In addition, female South American sea lions had higher copy numbers (median=8,819 copies/ng DNA) than males (median: 27 copies/ng DNA, P=0.012), and adult South American sea lions (median=219 copies/ng DNA) had higher copy numbers than pups (median: 3 copies/ng DNA, P=0.008). The much higher prevalence in adults compared with pups, as well as the higher sensitivity in urogenital swabs, suggests a sexual transmission, which is similar to California sea lions. These data provide insight into dynamics of the potentially oncogenic OtHV-1 in a novel ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of continued disease surveillance in vulnerable Peruvian marine mammal populations.","abstract_html":"Otarine herpesvirus-1 (OtHV-1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), but rarely considered a conservation concern in the southern hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) and Peruvian fur seals (Arctocephalus australis unnamed subspecies) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtHV-1 and to determine prevalence by demographic factors. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing revealed 99% homology to OtHV-1 at the DNA polymerase gene. Urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds at Punta San Juan between 2011-2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtHV-1 DNA polymerase gene. In total, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtHV-1. Agreement in OtHV-1 detection between sampling sites was minimal to non-existent (Cohen’s Kappa=0.027-0.386). The most parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model predicting OtHV-1 detection (P &lt; 0.0001) included species and age class, with South American sea lions (32/81, 39.5%) having a higher prevalence of OtHV-1 in urogenital swabs than Peruvian fur seals (19/51, 37.2%), and adults (46/95, 48.4%) having a higher prevalence than pups (5/37, 13.5%). In addition, female South American sea lions had higher copy numbers (median=8,819 copies/ng DNA) than males (median: 27 copies/ng DNA, P=0.012), and adult South American sea lions (median=219 copies/ng DNA) had higher copy numbers than pups (median: 3 copies/ng DNA, P=0.008). The much higher prevalence in adults compared with pups, as well as the higher sensitivity in urogenital swabs, suggests a sexual transmission, which is similar to California sea lions. These data provide insight into dynamics of the potentially oncogenic OtHV-1 in a novel ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of continued disease surveillance in vulnerable Peruvian marine mammal populations.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Tang, Karisa Nichole"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"VMS-Veterinary Clinical Medcne","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Allender, Matthew C.","Langan, Jennifer N","Colegrove, Kathleen M"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-08-23T20:44:42Z","date_published":"2019-08-23T20:44:42Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:44Z","subjects":["otarine herpesvirus","OtHV-1","pinniped","South American sea lion","Peruvian fur seal","otariid","herpes"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2019 Karisa Tang"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/105177","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Allender, Matthew C.","Langan, Jennifer N","Colegrove, Kathleen M"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Tang, Karisa Nichole"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-08-23T20:44:42Z","2021-08-24T09:15:20Z","2019-04-23","2019-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["VMS-Veterinary Clinical Medcne"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["otarine herpesvirus","OtHV-1","pinniped","South American sea lion","Peruvian fur seal","otariid","herpes"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2019 Karisa Tang"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/105177"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Otarine herpesvirus-1 (OtHV-1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), but rarely considered a conservation concern in the southern hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) and Peruvian fur seals (Arctocephalus australis unnamed subspecies) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtHV-1 and to determine prevalence by demographic factors. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing revealed 99% homology to OtHV-1 at the DNA polymerase gene. Urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds at Punta San Juan between 2011-2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtHV-1 DNA polymerase gene. In total, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtHV-1. Agreement in OtHV-1 detection between sampling sites was minimal to non-existent (Cohen’s Kappa=0.027-0.386). The most parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model predicting OtHV-1 detection (P < 0.0001) included species and age class, with South American sea lions (32/81, 39.5%) having a higher prevalence of OtHV-1 in urogenital swabs than Peruvian fur seals (19/51, 37.2%), and adults (46/95, 48.4%) having a higher prevalence than pups (5/37, 13.5%). In addition, female South American sea lions had higher copy numbers (median=8,819 copies/ng DNA) than males (median: 27 copies/ng DNA, P=0.012), and adult South American sea lions (median=219 copies/ng DNA) had higher copy numbers than pups (median: 3 copies/ng DNA, P=0.008). The much higher prevalence in adults compared with pups, as well as the higher sensitivity in urogenital swabs, suggests a sexual transmission, which is similar to California sea lions. These data provide insight into dynamics of the potentially oncogenic OtHV-1 in a novel ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of continued disease surveillance in vulnerable Peruvian marine mammal populations.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01","The student, Karisa Tang, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-10 at 15:28.","The student, Karisa Tang, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-04-10 at 16:01.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-04-23 at 15:50.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13553 on 2019-08-22 at 16:21:00","Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TANG-THESIS-2019.pdf: 420704 bytes, checksum: a5105a666f2796790ce0bc31128dfe1c (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 9cda3111248f8575ef6f02fe8e714153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-23","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:44:50Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:46:41Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:47:38Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:48:32Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 112296 on 2021-08-24T09:15:20Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["First detection of otarine herpesvirus-1 in South America: Characterizing the epidemiology in a Peruvian pinniped population"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Allender, Matthew C.","Langan, Jennifer N","Colegrove, Kathleen M"],"dc:creator":["Tang, Karisa Nichole"],"dc:date":["2019-08-23T20:44:42Z","2021-08-24T09:15:20Z","2019-04-23","2019-05"],"dc:description":["Otarine herpesvirus-1 (OtHV-1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), but rarely considered a conservation concern in the southern hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) and Peruvian fur seals (Arctocephalus australis unnamed subspecies) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtHV-1 and to determine prevalence by demographic factors. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing revealed 99% homology to OtHV-1 at the DNA polymerase gene. Urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds at Punta San Juan between 2011-2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtHV-1 DNA polymerase gene. In total, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtHV-1. Agreement in OtHV-1 detection between sampling sites was minimal to non-existent (Cohen’s Kappa=0.027-0.386). The most parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model predicting OtHV-1 detection (P < 0.0001) included species and age class, with South American sea lions (32/81, 39.5%) having a higher prevalence of OtHV-1 in urogenital swabs than Peruvian fur seals (19/51, 37.2%), and adults (46/95, 48.4%) having a higher prevalence than pups (5/37, 13.5%). In addition, female South American sea lions had higher copy numbers (median=8,819 copies/ng DNA) than males (median: 27 copies/ng DNA, P=0.012), and adult South American sea lions (median=219 copies/ng DNA) had higher copy numbers than pups (median: 3 copies/ng DNA, P=0.008). The much higher prevalence in adults compared with pups, as well as the higher sensitivity in urogenital swabs, suggests a sexual transmission, which is similar to California sea lions. These data provide insight into dynamics of the potentially oncogenic OtHV-1 in a novel ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of continued disease surveillance in vulnerable Peruvian marine mammal populations.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01","The student, Karisa Tang, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-10 at 15:28.","The student, Karisa Tang, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-04-10 at 16:01.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-04-23 at 15:50.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13553 on 2019-08-22 at 16:21:00","Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TANG-THESIS-2019.pdf: 420704 bytes, checksum: a5105a666f2796790ce0bc31128dfe1c (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 9cda3111248f8575ef6f02fe8e714153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-23","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:44:50Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:46:41Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:47:38Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:48:32Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 112296 on 2021-08-24T09:15:20Z."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/105177"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2019 Karisa Tang"],"dc:subject":["otarine herpesvirus","OtHV-1","pinniped","South American sea lion","Peruvian fur seal","otariid","herpes"],"dc:title":["First detection of otarine herpesvirus-1 in South America: Characterizing the epidemiology in a Peruvian pinniped population"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["VMS-Veterinary Clinical Medcne"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:44Z"}