{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/104868"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/104868","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Practices combining fire and grazing in the Central U.S. reduce woody encroachment and accommodate grassland and shrubland birds","abstract":"Temperate grasslands and shrublands are critically endangered ecosystems receiving almost no protection, as nearly 50% of their global area has been lost and less than 5% has been set aside in reserves. To further complicate matters, in many instances these are alternate states of the same system, so conserving one may be at the expense of the other. Woody encroachment is one of the greatest contemporary threats to grasslands, but reversing encroachment necessarily reduces shrublands. A parallel conundrum arises with avian biodiversity, as both grassland and shrubland birds are in steep decline. Yet conservation strategies usually prioritize improving habitat for grassland birds, and rarely consider shrubland birds. Is it possible to employ management practices that benefit both guilds? To address this challenge, I compared three regimes involving fire and grazing in terms of their impacts on woody encroachment in grasslands in the Central U.S., and the extent to which these practices support grassland and shrubland birds in ecotones. Fire in combination with grazing controlled woody encroachment more than fire alone, and low amounts of woody cover in ecotones increased the abundance or occupancy of grassland and shrubland avian species. Overall, the ability of fire-and-grazing regimes to reduce woody encroachment and accommodate birds in both guilds suggests that managing for grasslands and shrublands need not be mutually exclusive in all instances.","abstract_html":"Temperate grasslands and shrublands are critically endangered ecosystems receiving almost no protection, as nearly 50% of their global area has been lost and less than 5% has been set aside in reserves. To further complicate matters, in many instances these are alternate states of the same system, so conserving one may be at the expense of the other. Woody encroachment is one of the greatest contemporary threats to grasslands, but reversing encroachment necessarily reduces shrublands. A parallel conundrum arises with avian biodiversity, as both grassland and shrubland birds are in steep decline. Yet conservation strategies usually prioritize improving habitat for grassland birds, and rarely consider shrubland birds. Is it possible to employ management practices that benefit both guilds? To address this challenge, I compared three regimes involving fire and grazing in terms of their impacts on woody encroachment in grasslands in the Central U.S., and the extent to which these practices support grassland and shrubland birds in ecotones. Fire in combination with grazing controlled woody encroachment more than fire alone, and low amounts of woody cover in ecotones increased the abundance or occupancy of grassland and shrubland avian species. Overall, the ability of fire-and-grazing regimes to reduce woody encroachment and accommodate birds in both guilds suggests that managing for grasslands and shrublands need not be mutually exclusive in all instances.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Capozzelli, Jane F."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Natural Res & Env Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Miller, James R.","Spyreas, Greg","Benson, Thomas"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-08-23T19:55:46Z","date_published":"2019-08-23T19:55:46Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:42Z","subjects":["woody encroachment, ecotone, shrubland birds, grassland birds, fire, grazing, fire-grazing interaction, patch-burn grazing"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2019 Jane Capozzelli"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104868","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Miller, James R.","Spyreas, Greg","Benson, Thomas"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Capozzelli, Jane F."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-08-23T19:55:46Z","2019-04-19","2019-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Natural Res & Env Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["woody encroachment, ecotone, shrubland birds, grassland birds, fire, grazing, fire-grazing interaction, patch-burn grazing"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2019 Jane Capozzelli"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104868"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Temperate grasslands and shrublands are critically endangered ecosystems receiving almost no protection, as nearly 50% of their global area has been lost and less than 5% has been set aside in reserves. To further complicate matters, in many instances these are alternate states of the same system, so conserving one may be at the expense of the other. Woody encroachment is one of the greatest contemporary threats to grasslands, but reversing encroachment necessarily reduces shrublands. A parallel conundrum arises with avian biodiversity, as both grassland and shrubland birds are in steep decline. Yet conservation strategies usually prioritize improving habitat for grassland birds, and rarely consider shrubland birds. Is it possible to employ management practices that benefit both guilds? To address this challenge, I compared three regimes involving fire and grazing in terms of their impacts on woody encroachment in grasslands in the Central U.S., and the extent to which these practices support grassland and shrubland birds in ecotones. Fire in combination with grazing controlled woody encroachment more than fire alone, and low amounts of woody cover in ecotones increased the abundance or occupancy of grassland and shrubland avian species. Overall, the ability of fire-and-grazing regimes to reduce woody encroachment and accommodate birds in both guilds suggests that managing for grasslands and shrublands need not be mutually exclusive in all instances.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2019-08-22 without embargo terms","The student, Jane Capozzelli, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-18 at 13:17.","The student, Jane Capozzelli, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-04-18 at 13:21.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-04-19 at 17:00.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13746 on 2019-08-22 at 14:44:49","Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T19:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 CAPOZZELLI-THESIS-2019.pdf: 2992045 bytes, checksum: 70e7b7d71b5ec9b67337350940650432 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4212 bytes, checksum: 4858b08a2096bd64eab7bbbd2ee193ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-19"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Practices combining fire and grazing in the Central U.S. reduce woody encroachment and accommodate grassland and shrubland birds"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Miller, James R.","Spyreas, Greg","Benson, Thomas"],"dc:creator":["Capozzelli, Jane F."],"dc:date":["2019-08-23T19:55:46Z","2019-04-19","2019-05"],"dc:description":["Temperate grasslands and shrublands are critically endangered ecosystems receiving almost no protection, as nearly 50% of their global area has been lost and less than 5% has been set aside in reserves. To further complicate matters, in many instances these are alternate states of the same system, so conserving one may be at the expense of the other. Woody encroachment is one of the greatest contemporary threats to grasslands, but reversing encroachment necessarily reduces shrublands. A parallel conundrum arises with avian biodiversity, as both grassland and shrubland birds are in steep decline. Yet conservation strategies usually prioritize improving habitat for grassland birds, and rarely consider shrubland birds. Is it possible to employ management practices that benefit both guilds? To address this challenge, I compared three regimes involving fire and grazing in terms of their impacts on woody encroachment in grasslands in the Central U.S., and the extent to which these practices support grassland and shrubland birds in ecotones. Fire in combination with grazing controlled woody encroachment more than fire alone, and low amounts of woody cover in ecotones increased the abundance or occupancy of grassland and shrubland avian species. Overall, the ability of fire-and-grazing regimes to reduce woody encroachment and accommodate birds in both guilds suggests that managing for grasslands and shrublands need not be mutually exclusive in all instances.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2019-08-22 without embargo terms","The student, Jane Capozzelli, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-18 at 13:17.","The student, Jane Capozzelli, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-04-18 at 13:21.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-04-19 at 17:00.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13746 on 2019-08-22 at 14:44:49","Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T19:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 CAPOZZELLI-THESIS-2019.pdf: 2992045 bytes, checksum: 70e7b7d71b5ec9b67337350940650432 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4212 bytes, checksum: 4858b08a2096bd64eab7bbbd2ee193ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-19"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104868"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2019 Jane Capozzelli"],"dc:subject":["woody encroachment, ecotone, shrubland birds, grassland birds, fire, grazing, fire-grazing interaction, patch-burn grazing"],"dc:title":["Practices combining fire and grazing in the Central U.S. reduce woody encroachment and accommodate grassland and shrubland birds"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Natural Res & Env Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:42Z"}