{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/102857"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/102857","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Investigation of alternative jet fuels in gas turbine combustion systems using x-ray radiography","abstract":"The development of alternatives to petroleum-derived jet fuels is essential for assisting in climate change mitigation and providing economic security and energy independence within industries that utilize jet fuels. It is important that jet fuels derived from alternative sources can be used in existing engines with little to no modifications to the engine design or operation. Towards this end, researchers must understand how various fundamental fuel properties affect the atomization, vaporization, and combustion process of jet fuels and ascertain which properties determine if an alternative fuel will behave similarly to conventional jet fuel. In this work, x-ray phase-contrast imaging is performed at 90,517 Hz on a combusting fuel spray in a realistic gas turbine combustor, allowing characterization of breakup process of fuel into ligaments and then individual droplets as it leaves a nozzle. This imaging is performed on two different fuels: Jet-A (A-2), which represents a fuel with standard properties, and C-3 Fuel, which is a blend of JP-5 and farnesane (64% to 36% by volume), which is specifically formulated to be a high-viscosity jet fuel. The fuels are tested over a range of fuel flow rates and inlet air preheat temperatures to establish the effect of various combustor conditions on the atomization and vaporization processes. The phase contrast imaging shows that atomization occurs much more rapidly at higher fuel flow rates and fuel pressures, and that the high viscosity fuel is qualitatively and quantitatively observed to break up into longer ligaments and larger diameter droplets than the standard viscosity fuel. Additionally, increasing the air preheat temperature significantly increases mean droplet velocity and decreases droplet diameters at the same conditions.","abstract_html":"The development of alternatives to petroleum-derived jet fuels is essential for assisting in climate change mitigation and providing economic security and energy independence within industries that utilize jet fuels. It is important that jet fuels derived from alternative sources can be used in existing engines with little to no modifications to the engine design or operation. Towards this end, researchers must understand how various fundamental fuel properties affect the atomization, vaporization, and combustion process of jet fuels and ascertain which properties determine if an alternative fuel will behave similarly to conventional jet fuel. In this work, x-ray phase-contrast imaging is performed at 90,517 Hz on a combusting fuel spray in a realistic gas turbine combustor, allowing characterization of breakup process of fuel into ligaments and then individual droplets as it leaves a nozzle. This imaging is performed on two different fuels: Jet-A (A-2), which represents a fuel with standard properties, and C-3 Fuel, which is a blend of JP-5 and farnesane (64% to 36% by volume), which is specifically formulated to be a high-viscosity jet fuel. The fuels are tested over a range of fuel flow rates and inlet air preheat temperatures to establish the effect of various combustor conditions on the atomization and vaporization processes. The phase contrast imaging shows that atomization occurs much more rapidly at higher fuel flow rates and fuel pressures, and that the high viscosity fuel is qualitatively and quantitatively observed to break up into longer ligaments and larger diameter droplets than the standard viscosity fuel. Additionally, increasing the air preheat temperature significantly increases mean droplet velocity and decreases droplet diameters at the same conditions.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wood, Eric James"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Mechanical Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lee, Tonghun"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-02-07T20:44:28Z","date_published":"2019-02-07T20:44:28Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:42Z","subjects":["Gas Turbine Combustion","X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging","Alternative Jet Fuels"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2018 by Eric James Wood"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102857","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lee, Tonghun"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wood, Eric James"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-02-07T20:44:28Z","2021-02-08T10:15:32Z","2018-12-11","2018-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Mechanical Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Gas Turbine Combustion","X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging","Alternative Jet Fuels"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2018 by Eric James Wood"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102857"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The development of alternatives to petroleum-derived jet fuels is essential for assisting in climate change mitigation and providing economic security and energy independence within industries that utilize jet fuels. It is important that jet fuels derived from alternative sources can be used in existing engines with little to no modifications to the engine design or operation. Towards this end, researchers must understand how various fundamental fuel properties affect the atomization, vaporization, and combustion process of jet fuels and ascertain which properties determine if an alternative fuel will behave similarly to conventional jet fuel. In this work, x-ray phase-contrast imaging is performed at 90,517 Hz on a combusting fuel spray in a realistic gas turbine combustor, allowing characterization of breakup process of fuel into ligaments and then individual droplets as it leaves a nozzle. This imaging is performed on two different fuels: Jet-A (A-2), which represents a fuel with standard properties, and C-3 Fuel, which is a blend of JP-5 and farnesane (64% to 36% by volume), which is specifically formulated to be a high-viscosity jet fuel. The fuels are tested over a range of fuel flow rates and inlet air preheat temperatures to establish the effect of various combustor conditions on the atomization and vaporization processes. The phase contrast imaging shows that atomization occurs much more rapidly at higher fuel flow rates and fuel pressures, and that the high viscosity fuel is qualitatively and quantitatively observed to break up into longer ligaments and larger diameter droplets than the standard viscosity fuel. Additionally, increasing the air preheat temperature significantly increases mean droplet velocity and decreases droplet diameters at the same conditions.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01","The student, Eric Wood, accepted the attached license on 2018-12-11 at 01:51.","The student, Eric Wood, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-12-11 at 02:00.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-12-11 at 09:33.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13284 on 2019-02-07 at 14:23:25","Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-07T20:44:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOOD-THESIS-2018.pdf: 4426093 bytes, checksum: 9b2d43dec5610891ea62cd9722919508 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4206 bytes, checksum: 90e4f915741bbafcd2c4520374ab1a8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-11","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109883 Lift date: 2021-02-07T20:44:35Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 109883 on 2021-02-08T10:15:32Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigation of alternative jet fuels in gas turbine combustion systems using x-ray radiography"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lee, Tonghun"],"dc:creator":["Wood, Eric James"],"dc:date":["2019-02-07T20:44:28Z","2021-02-08T10:15:32Z","2018-12-11","2018-12"],"dc:description":["The development of alternatives to petroleum-derived jet fuels is essential for assisting in climate change mitigation and providing economic security and energy independence within industries that utilize jet fuels. It is important that jet fuels derived from alternative sources can be used in existing engines with little to no modifications to the engine design or operation. Towards this end, researchers must understand how various fundamental fuel properties affect the atomization, vaporization, and combustion process of jet fuels and ascertain which properties determine if an alternative fuel will behave similarly to conventional jet fuel. In this work, x-ray phase-contrast imaging is performed at 90,517 Hz on a combusting fuel spray in a realistic gas turbine combustor, allowing characterization of breakup process of fuel into ligaments and then individual droplets as it leaves a nozzle. This imaging is performed on two different fuels: Jet-A (A-2), which represents a fuel with standard properties, and C-3 Fuel, which is a blend of JP-5 and farnesane (64% to 36% by volume), which is specifically formulated to be a high-viscosity jet fuel. The fuels are tested over a range of fuel flow rates and inlet air preheat temperatures to establish the effect of various combustor conditions on the atomization and vaporization processes. The phase contrast imaging shows that atomization occurs much more rapidly at higher fuel flow rates and fuel pressures, and that the high viscosity fuel is qualitatively and quantitatively observed to break up into longer ligaments and larger diameter droplets than the standard viscosity fuel. Additionally, increasing the air preheat temperature significantly increases mean droplet velocity and decreases droplet diameters at the same conditions.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01","The student, Eric Wood, accepted the attached license on 2018-12-11 at 01:51.","The student, Eric Wood, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-12-11 at 02:00.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-12-11 at 09:33.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13284 on 2019-02-07 at 14:23:25","Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-07T20:44:28Z (GMT). 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