{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/102439"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/102439","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Hydrothermal liquefaction of wild-harvested cyanobacterial bloom from hypereutrophic Lake Tainter, Wisconsin","abstract":"This study demonstrates the potential of Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) as a feedstock for generating biofuels hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and asserts that HTL is a uniquely practical technology for use of this biohazardous material. Using a wild-harvested cyanobacteria HAB from Lake Tainter, Wisconsin as a low-cost feedstock for HTL, the projected Minimum Fuel Selling Price of reformed biocrude produced from the Lake Tainter HAB is 18-29% lower than biocrude produced from cultivated algae. The biocrude produced is of sufficient yield and quality to realize a net energy profit making HTL an important environmental remediation strategy for air and water quality. HTL reactions were conducted over a range of reaction temperatures (280-350°C), holding times (30-60 min), and feedstock total biomass solids content (10%-25%TS) using fresh and aged biomass. Bulk biocrude properties (e.g., yield, elemental analysis, high heating value (HHV)), energy balances, and nutrient recovery in the products were compared from each condition. Using HTL, at 340°C and 50 min retention time with 20%TS, 41.8±6.1% daf biocrude yield is possible with this feedstock. The biocrude produced has an HHV of 32.5 MJ/kg, recovering 73.9% of the energy in the biomass and 1:3.3 ratio for energy input for heating to energy recoverable in the crude. Promisingly, this biocrude has a low sulfur content (0.07% wt.) and 60% wt. of the crude is in the light and medium molecular weight fractions (volatile<350ºC). However, high nitrogen (5.93% wt.) and oxygen (16.74% wt. by calc.) contents, and probable acidic nature of the biocrude indicate upgrading is needed pre-refinery. At this temperature, 47% of the nitrogen in the feedstock is recoverable in the post-hydrothermal processing wastewater (HPW), with 55.8% of it as ammoniacal nitrogen.","abstract_html":"This study demonstrates the potential of Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) as a feedstock for generating biofuels hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and asserts that HTL is a uniquely practical technology for use of this biohazardous material. Using a wild-harvested cyanobacteria HAB from Lake Tainter, Wisconsin as a low-cost feedstock for HTL, the projected Minimum Fuel Selling Price of reformed biocrude produced from the Lake Tainter HAB is 18-29% lower than biocrude produced from cultivated algae. The biocrude produced is of sufficient yield and quality to realize a net energy profit making HTL an important environmental remediation strategy for air and water quality. HTL reactions were conducted over a range of reaction temperatures (280-350°C), holding times (30-60 min), and feedstock total biomass solids content (10%-25%TS) using fresh and aged biomass. Bulk biocrude properties (e.g., yield, elemental analysis, high heating value (HHV)), energy balances, and nutrient recovery in the products were compared from each condition. Using HTL, at 340°C and 50 min retention time with 20%TS, 41.8±6.1% daf biocrude yield is possible with this feedstock. The biocrude produced has an HHV of 32.5 MJ/kg, recovering 73.9% of the energy in the biomass and 1:3.3 ratio for energy input for heating to energy recoverable in the crude. Promisingly, this biocrude has a low sulfur content (0.07% wt.) and 60% wt. of the crude is in the light and medium molecular weight fractions (volatile&lt;350ºC). However, high nitrogen (5.93% wt.) and oxygen (16.74% wt. by calc.) contents, and probable acidic nature of the biocrude indicate upgrading is needed pre-refinery. At this temperature, 47% of the nitrogen in the feedstock is recoverable in the post-hydrothermal processing wastewater (HPW), with 55.8% of it as ammoniacal nitrogen.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Swoboda, Megan"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Agricultural & Biological Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Zhang, Yuanhui","Akdeniz, Neslihan","Davidson, Paul"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-02-06T19:36:04Z","date_published":"2019-02-06T19:36:04Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:40Z","subjects":["algae blooms, cyanobacteria, eutrophication, biocrude oil, hydrothermal liquefaction, catalysis, nutrient recovery, Lake Tainter, Menomonie"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2018 Megan Swoboda"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102439","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Zhang, Yuanhui","Akdeniz, Neslihan","Davidson, Paul"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Swoboda, Megan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-02-06T19:36:04Z","2018-12-07","2018-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Agricultural & Biological Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["algae blooms, cyanobacteria, eutrophication, biocrude oil, hydrothermal liquefaction, catalysis, nutrient recovery, Lake Tainter, Menomonie"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2018 Megan Swoboda"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102439"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This study demonstrates the potential of Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) as a feedstock for generating biofuels hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and asserts that HTL is a uniquely practical technology for use of this biohazardous material. Using a wild-harvested cyanobacteria HAB from Lake Tainter, Wisconsin as a low-cost feedstock for HTL, the projected Minimum Fuel Selling Price of reformed biocrude produced from the Lake Tainter HAB is 18-29% lower than biocrude produced from cultivated algae. The biocrude produced is of sufficient yield and quality to realize a net energy profit making HTL an important environmental remediation strategy for air and water quality. HTL reactions were conducted over a range of reaction temperatures (280-350°C), holding times (30-60 min), and feedstock total biomass solids content (10%-25%TS) using fresh and aged biomass. Bulk biocrude properties (e.g., yield, elemental analysis, high heating value (HHV)), energy balances, and nutrient recovery in the products were compared from each condition. Using HTL, at 340°C and 50 min retention time with 20%TS, 41.8±6.1% daf biocrude yield is possible with this feedstock. The biocrude produced has an HHV of 32.5 MJ/kg, recovering 73.9% of the energy in the biomass and 1:3.3 ratio for energy input for heating to energy recoverable in the crude. Promisingly, this biocrude has a low sulfur content (0.07% wt.) and 60% wt. of the crude is in the light and medium molecular weight fractions (volatile<350ºC). However, high nitrogen (5.93% wt.) and oxygen (16.74% wt. by calc.) contents, and probable acidic nature of the biocrude indicate upgrading is needed pre-refinery. At this temperature, 47% of the nitrogen in the feedstock is recoverable in the post-hydrothermal processing wastewater (HPW), with 55.8% of it as ammoniacal nitrogen.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. 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Using a wild-harvested cyanobacteria HAB from Lake Tainter, Wisconsin as a low-cost feedstock for HTL, the projected Minimum Fuel Selling Price of reformed biocrude produced from the Lake Tainter HAB is 18-29% lower than biocrude produced from cultivated algae. The biocrude produced is of sufficient yield and quality to realize a net energy profit making HTL an important environmental remediation strategy for air and water quality. HTL reactions were conducted over a range of reaction temperatures (280-350°C), holding times (30-60 min), and feedstock total biomass solids content (10%-25%TS) using fresh and aged biomass. Bulk biocrude properties (e.g., yield, elemental analysis, high heating value (HHV)), energy balances, and nutrient recovery in the products were compared from each condition. Using HTL, at 340°C and 50 min retention time with 20%TS, 41.8±6.1% daf biocrude yield is possible with this feedstock. The biocrude produced has an HHV of 32.5 MJ/kg, recovering 73.9% of the energy in the biomass and 1:3.3 ratio for energy input for heating to energy recoverable in the crude. Promisingly, this biocrude has a low sulfur content (0.07% wt.) and 60% wt. of the crude is in the light and medium molecular weight fractions (volatile<350ºC). However, high nitrogen (5.93% wt.) and oxygen (16.74% wt. by calc.) contents, and probable acidic nature of the biocrude indicate upgrading is needed pre-refinery. At this temperature, 47% of the nitrogen in the feedstock is recoverable in the post-hydrothermal processing wastewater (HPW), with 55.8% of it as ammoniacal nitrogen.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2019-02-05 without embargo terms","The student, Megan Swoboda, accepted the attached license on 2018-11-20 at 14:48.","The student, Megan Swoboda, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-11-21 at 15:17.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-12-07 at 13:55.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13107 on 2019-02-05 at 11:09:24","Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-06T19:36:04Z (GMT). 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