{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101749"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101749","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats","abstract":"Maternal protein restriction is associated with inducting of gene expression programs. Multiple stress-induced genes are known to be activated through eIF2α phosphorylation and induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which also potentially play a role in autophagy related-genes expression. The present study investigates the mechanisms by which maternal protein restriction induce autophagy related-gene expression in the liver of offspring rats. In this study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (18% energy from protein) or a low-protein diet (8.5% energy from protein) during gestation period followed by the control diet during lactation. Offspring consumed the same control post-weaning diet from postnatal day 21. Liver tissue was collected at postnatal day 38 from the offspring. The maternal low-protein diet significantly induced mRNA expression of the stress- response genes including Atf3 and Chop in liver of female offspring, but not in male. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic autophagy gene including LC3b, P62/SQSTM1, Beclin1, Atg3, Atg7, Atg5, and Atg10 was increased significantly only in the female offspring by gestational low-protein diet. The induction of gene expression was consistent with the activated eIF2a/ATF4 pathway in female offspring. Furthermore, we found the maternal low-protein diet induces ATF4 and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) binding at the regions of specific autophagy-related genes in the liver of female offspring through differential cooperative regulation. Overall, our data demonstrated that hepatic autophagy gene expression could be induced by a maternal LP diet only in the female rat offspring. This transcriptional program involves in activated p- eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and cooperative regulation of transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP.","abstract_html":"Maternal protein restriction is associated with inducting of gene expression programs. Multiple stress-induced genes are known to be activated through eIF2α phosphorylation and induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which also potentially play a role in autophagy related-genes expression. The present study investigates the mechanisms by which maternal protein restriction induce autophagy related-gene expression in the liver of offspring rats. In this study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (18% energy from protein) or a low-protein diet (8.5% energy from protein) during gestation period followed by the control diet during lactation. Offspring consumed the same control post-weaning diet from postnatal day 21. Liver tissue was collected at postnatal day 38 from the offspring. The maternal low-protein diet significantly induced mRNA expression of the stress- response genes including Atf3 and Chop in liver of female offspring, but not in male. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic autophagy gene including LC3b, P62/SQSTM1, Beclin1, Atg3, Atg7, Atg5, and Atg10 was increased significantly only in the female offspring by gestational low-protein diet. The induction of gene expression was consistent with the activated eIF2a/ATF4 pathway in female offspring. Furthermore, we found the maternal low-protein diet induces ATF4 and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) binding at the regions of specific autophagy-related genes in the liver of female offspring through differential cooperative regulation. Overall, our data demonstrated that hepatic autophagy gene expression could be induced by a maternal LP diet only in the female rat offspring. This transcriptional program involves in activated p- eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and cooperative regulation of transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cai, Mingzhu"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Food Science & Human Nutrition","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Pan, Yuan-Xiang"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-09-27T16:45:29Z","date_published":"2018-09-27T16:45:29Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:40Z","subjects":["Maternal low-protein diet, Autophagy, Gene, Transcription factor"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2018 Mingzhu Cai"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101749","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Pan, Yuan-Xiang"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cai, Mingzhu"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-09-27T16:45:29Z","2020-09-28T09:15:13Z","2018-06-29","2018-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Food Science & Human Nutrition"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Maternal low-protein diet, Autophagy, Gene, Transcription factor"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2018 Mingzhu Cai"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101749"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Maternal protein restriction is associated with inducting of gene expression programs. Multiple stress-induced genes are known to be activated through eIF2α phosphorylation and induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which also potentially play a role in autophagy related-genes expression. The present study investigates the mechanisms by which maternal protein restriction induce autophagy related-gene expression in the liver of offspring rats. In this study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (18% energy from protein) or a low-protein diet (8.5% energy from protein) during gestation period followed by the control diet during lactation. Offspring consumed the same control post-weaning diet from postnatal day 21. Liver tissue was collected at postnatal day 38 from the offspring. The maternal low-protein diet significantly induced mRNA expression of the stress- response genes including Atf3 and Chop in liver of female offspring, but not in male. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic autophagy gene including LC3b, P62/SQSTM1, Beclin1, Atg3, Atg7, Atg5, and Atg10 was increased significantly only in the female offspring by gestational low-protein diet. The induction of gene expression was consistent with the activated eIF2a/ATF4 pathway in female offspring. Furthermore, we found the maternal low-protein diet induces ATF4 and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) binding at the regions of specific autophagy-related genes in the liver of female offspring through differential cooperative regulation. Overall, our data demonstrated that hepatic autophagy gene expression could be induced by a maternal LP diet only in the female rat offspring. This transcriptional program involves in activated p- eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and cooperative regulation of transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-08-01","The student, Mingzhu Cai, accepted the attached license on 2018-05-28 at 12:01.","The student, Mingzhu Cai, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-05-28 at 12:10.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-06-29 at 09:16.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12592 on 2018-09-27 at 11:33:02","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 CAI-THESIS-2018.pdf: 1884408 bytes, checksum: 1fa438c69c3bbe536330b0d82f389217 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 49a8f8b134c10f3dc784ddcd230ef10e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-29","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107849 Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:45:39Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107849 Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:47:41Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 107849 on 2020-09-28T09:15:13Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Pan, Yuan-Xiang"],"dc:creator":["Cai, Mingzhu"],"dc:date":["2018-09-27T16:45:29Z","2020-09-28T09:15:13Z","2018-06-29","2018-08"],"dc:description":["Maternal protein restriction is associated with inducting of gene expression programs. Multiple stress-induced genes are known to be activated through eIF2α phosphorylation and induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which also potentially play a role in autophagy related-genes expression. The present study investigates the mechanisms by which maternal protein restriction induce autophagy related-gene expression in the liver of offspring rats. In this study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (18% energy from protein) or a low-protein diet (8.5% energy from protein) during gestation period followed by the control diet during lactation. Offspring consumed the same control post-weaning diet from postnatal day 21. Liver tissue was collected at postnatal day 38 from the offspring. The maternal low-protein diet significantly induced mRNA expression of the stress- response genes including Atf3 and Chop in liver of female offspring, but not in male. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic autophagy gene including LC3b, P62/SQSTM1, Beclin1, Atg3, Atg7, Atg5, and Atg10 was increased significantly only in the female offspring by gestational low-protein diet. The induction of gene expression was consistent with the activated eIF2a/ATF4 pathway in female offspring. Furthermore, we found the maternal low-protein diet induces ATF4 and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) binding at the regions of specific autophagy-related genes in the liver of female offspring through differential cooperative regulation. Overall, our data demonstrated that hepatic autophagy gene expression could be induced by a maternal LP diet only in the female rat offspring. This transcriptional program involves in activated p- eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and cooperative regulation of transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-08-01","The student, Mingzhu Cai, accepted the attached license on 2018-05-28 at 12:01.","The student, Mingzhu Cai, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-05-28 at 12:10.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-06-29 at 09:16.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12592 on 2018-09-27 at 11:33:02","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 CAI-THESIS-2018.pdf: 1884408 bytes, checksum: 1fa438c69c3bbe536330b0d82f389217 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 49a8f8b134c10f3dc784ddcd230ef10e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-29","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107849 Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:45:39Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107849 Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:47:41Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 107849 on 2020-09-28T09:15:13Z."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101749"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2018 Mingzhu Cai"],"dc:subject":["Maternal low-protein diet, Autophagy, Gene, Transcription factor"],"dc:title":["A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Food Science & Human Nutrition"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:40Z"}