{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101512"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101512","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Predator recognition and anti-predator behavior in juvenile Asian carp","abstract":"Predation is a determining factor influencing the strength and success of a year class in many prey fishes. Chemical, social, and similar predator cues may all inform an individual of a possible impending predatory threat. Bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) widespread invasive fishes, and can be vulnerable to predation during their first year. Because they now overlap the niches of many native prey species, they may shoal with these species and learn about predation while doing so. Additionally, generalizing predators that have similar characteristics (e.g. odors or body morphometry) may increase the survival of an individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate how juvenile bighead and silver carp respond to threatening situations, as well as how adaptive and plastic are these responses. To achieve these objectives, I performed three separate studies that aimed to define the alarm response of these fishes, assess how group composition may influence the alarm response, and determine if the response could be generalized when exposed to taxonomically similar predators. Bighead and silver carp responded to conspecific alarm cues and both species reduced their activity, however bighead carp did so in much tighter schools than silver carp. In same-species groups of bighead carp, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) odor induced similar behavioral changes, provided at least one experienced individual was present. However, when naïve bighead carp were paired with experienced golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas), they matched their behavior to that of the golden shiner. Groups of silver carp conditioned to recognize largemouth bass odor only showed behavioral changes when exposed to the same predator odor, and were unable to generalize the odor of largemouth bass to recognize smallmouth (M. dolomieu) odor. These three studies indicate that there is some degree of flexibility in the response of bighead and silver carp exposed to different threatening situations, however more tests are needed to identify how the different responses may impact the relative success of these invaders as they approach novel environments.","abstract_html":"Predation is a determining factor influencing the strength and success of a year class in many prey fishes. Chemical, social, and similar predator cues may all inform an individual of a possible impending predatory threat. Bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) widespread invasive fishes, and can be vulnerable to predation during their first year. Because they now overlap the niches of many native prey species, they may shoal with these species and learn about predation while doing so. Additionally, generalizing predators that have similar characteristics (e.g. odors or body morphometry) may increase the survival of an individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate how juvenile bighead and silver carp respond to threatening situations, as well as how adaptive and plastic are these responses. To achieve these objectives, I performed three separate studies that aimed to define the alarm response of these fishes, assess how group composition may influence the alarm response, and determine if the response could be generalized when exposed to taxonomically similar predators. Bighead and silver carp responded to conspecific alarm cues and both species reduced their activity, however bighead carp did so in much tighter schools than silver carp. In same-species groups of bighead carp, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) odor induced similar behavioral changes, provided at least one experienced individual was present. However, when naïve bighead carp were paired with experienced golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas), they matched their behavior to that of the golden shiner. Groups of silver carp conditioned to recognize largemouth bass odor only showed behavioral changes when exposed to the same predator odor, and were unable to generalize the odor of largemouth bass to recognize smallmouth (M. dolomieu) odor. These three studies indicate that there is some degree of flexibility in the response of bighead and silver carp exposed to different threatening situations, however more tests are needed to identify how the different responses may impact the relative success of these invaders as they approach novel environments.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wilson, Jared Clayton"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Natural Res & Env Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Wahl, David H.","Larson, Eric R","Casper, Andrew F."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-09-27T16:17:33Z","date_published":"2018-09-27T16:17:33Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:40Z","subjects":["Asian Carp","Invasive Species","Alarm Chemicals","Animal Behavior","Removal","Carp","Odors","Alarm Cues","Predator","Prey","integrated pest management"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2018 Jared Wilson"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101512","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Wahl, David H.","Larson, Eric R","Casper, Andrew F."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wilson, Jared Clayton"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-09-27T16:17:33Z","2018-07-02","2018-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Natural Res & Env Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Asian Carp","Invasive Species","Alarm Chemicals","Animal Behavior","Removal","Carp","Odors","Alarm Cues","Predator","Prey","integrated pest management"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2018 Jared Wilson"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101512"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Predation is a determining factor influencing the strength and success of a year class in many prey fishes. Chemical, social, and similar predator cues may all inform an individual of a possible impending predatory threat. Bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) widespread invasive fishes, and can be vulnerable to predation during their first year. Because they now overlap the niches of many native prey species, they may shoal with these species and learn about predation while doing so. Additionally, generalizing predators that have similar characteristics (e.g. odors or body morphometry) may increase the survival of an individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate how juvenile bighead and silver carp respond to threatening situations, as well as how adaptive and plastic are these responses. To achieve these objectives, I performed three separate studies that aimed to define the alarm response of these fishes, assess how group composition may influence the alarm response, and determine if the response could be generalized when exposed to taxonomically similar predators. Bighead and silver carp responded to conspecific alarm cues and both species reduced their activity, however bighead carp did so in much tighter schools than silver carp. In same-species groups of bighead carp, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) odor induced similar behavioral changes, provided at least one experienced individual was present. However, when naïve bighead carp were paired with experienced golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas), they matched their behavior to that of the golden shiner. Groups of silver carp conditioned to recognize largemouth bass odor only showed behavioral changes when exposed to the same predator odor, and were unable to generalize the odor of largemouth bass to recognize smallmouth (M. dolomieu) odor. These three studies indicate that there is some degree of flexibility in the response of bighead and silver carp exposed to different threatening situations, however more tests are needed to identify how the different responses may impact the relative success of these invaders as they approach novel environments.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2018-09-27 without embargo terms","The student, Jared Wilson, accepted the attached license on 2018-06-28 at 11:49.","The student, Jared Wilson, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-06-28 at 12:01.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-07-02 at 10:51.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12683 on 2018-09-27 at 10:46:07","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:17:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WILSON-THESIS-2018.pdf: 1246502 bytes, checksum: 603240924bfe1767b650f63491c75a39 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4209 bytes, checksum: 431e7c4f4d7d0d79df1ad309f201da22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-02"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Predator recognition and anti-predator behavior in juvenile Asian carp"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Wahl, David H.","Larson, Eric R","Casper, Andrew F."],"dc:creator":["Wilson, Jared Clayton"],"dc:date":["2018-09-27T16:17:33Z","2018-07-02","2018-08"],"dc:description":["Predation is a determining factor influencing the strength and success of a year class in many prey fishes. Chemical, social, and similar predator cues may all inform an individual of a possible impending predatory threat. Bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) widespread invasive fishes, and can be vulnerable to predation during their first year. Because they now overlap the niches of many native prey species, they may shoal with these species and learn about predation while doing so. Additionally, generalizing predators that have similar characteristics (e.g. odors or body morphometry) may increase the survival of an individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate how juvenile bighead and silver carp respond to threatening situations, as well as how adaptive and plastic are these responses. To achieve these objectives, I performed three separate studies that aimed to define the alarm response of these fishes, assess how group composition may influence the alarm response, and determine if the response could be generalized when exposed to taxonomically similar predators. Bighead and silver carp responded to conspecific alarm cues and both species reduced their activity, however bighead carp did so in much tighter schools than silver carp. In same-species groups of bighead carp, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) odor induced similar behavioral changes, provided at least one experienced individual was present. However, when naïve bighead carp were paired with experienced golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas), they matched their behavior to that of the golden shiner. Groups of silver carp conditioned to recognize largemouth bass odor only showed behavioral changes when exposed to the same predator odor, and were unable to generalize the odor of largemouth bass to recognize smallmouth (M. dolomieu) odor. These three studies indicate that there is some degree of flexibility in the response of bighead and silver carp exposed to different threatening situations, however more tests are needed to identify how the different responses may impact the relative success of these invaders as they approach novel environments.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2018-09-27 without embargo terms","The student, Jared Wilson, accepted the attached license on 2018-06-28 at 11:49.","The student, Jared Wilson, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-06-28 at 12:01.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-07-02 at 10:51.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12683 on 2018-09-27 at 10:46:07","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:17:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WILSON-THESIS-2018.pdf: 1246502 bytes, checksum: 603240924bfe1767b650f63491c75a39 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4209 bytes, checksum: 431e7c4f4d7d0d79df1ad309f201da22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-02"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101512"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2018 Jared Wilson"],"dc:subject":["Asian Carp","Invasive Species","Alarm Chemicals","Animal Behavior","Removal","Carp","Odors","Alarm Cues","Predator","Prey","integrated pest management"],"dc:title":["Predator recognition and anti-predator behavior in juvenile Asian carp"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Natural Res & Env Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:40Z"}