{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101323"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101323","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Modular synthesis-enabled mechanistic characterization of the potent antilipoperoxidant activity of peridinin","abstract":"The peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a hallmark of many human disorders, yet is has often remained ambiguous whether lipid peroxidation plays a causative and therefore addressable role in the onset or pathogenesis of a disease. Small molecule inhibitors of this oxidative process in theory possess the capacity to help clarify this ambiguity, but many of the currently available compounds have important limitations. We therefore proposed that context-specific selective pressures may have promoted the evolution of natural products with potent antilipoperoxidant activity in microorganisms that thrive in environments of extreme oxidative stress. Enabled by a modular building-block synthetic platform, the structurally atypical carotenoid peridinin was found to be a potent inhibitor of non-enzymatic bilayer lipid peroxidation. With the goal of maximizing the utility of peridinin as a small molecule probe of the role of lipid peroxidation in pathogenesis, the mechanistic underpinnings of its antilipoperoxidant activity were investigated. Solid-state NMR experiments with a site-selectively 13C-labeled peridinin isotopologue revealed that the potency is linked to a high effective molarity within lipid bilayers. In contrast to the primarily extramembranous localization of the less effective antilipoperoxidant astaxanthin, peridinin is completely embedded within and physically spans the hydrophobic core of lipid membranes. This antilipoperoxidant probe was leveraged in human primary endothelial cell and mouse model experiments to interrogate the contribution of membrane oxidation towards the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and asthma. The peridinin-mediated mitigation of bilayer lipid peroxidation was shown to attenuate monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, a key step in atherogenesis. Utilizing mouse models of acute asthma, we found that lipid peroxidation is alternatively not a key driver of the asthmatic phenotype. These results suggest that peridinin may have broad potential as a chemical probe to better understand the role of bilayer lipid peroxidation in human disease.","abstract_html":"The peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a hallmark of many human disorders, yet is has often remained ambiguous whether lipid peroxidation plays a causative and therefore addressable role in the onset or pathogenesis of a disease. Small molecule inhibitors of this oxidative process in theory possess the capacity to help clarify this ambiguity, but many of the currently available compounds have important limitations. We therefore proposed that context-specific selective pressures may have promoted the evolution of natural products with potent antilipoperoxidant activity in microorganisms that thrive in environments of extreme oxidative stress. Enabled by a modular building-block synthetic platform, the structurally atypical carotenoid peridinin was found to be a potent inhibitor of non-enzymatic bilayer lipid peroxidation. With the goal of maximizing the utility of peridinin as a small molecule probe of the role of lipid peroxidation in pathogenesis, the mechanistic underpinnings of its antilipoperoxidant activity were investigated. Solid-state NMR experiments with a site-selectively 13C-labeled peridinin isotopologue revealed that the potency is linked to a high effective molarity within lipid bilayers. In contrast to the primarily extramembranous localization of the less effective antilipoperoxidant astaxanthin, peridinin is completely embedded within and physically spans the hydrophobic core of lipid membranes. This antilipoperoxidant probe was leveraged in human primary endothelial cell and mouse model experiments to interrogate the contribution of membrane oxidation towards the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and asthma. The peridinin-mediated mitigation of bilayer lipid peroxidation was shown to attenuate monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, a key step in atherogenesis. Utilizing mouse models of acute asthma, we found that lipid peroxidation is alternatively not a key driver of the asthmatic phenotype. These results suggest that peridinin may have broad potential as a chemical probe to better understand the role of bilayer lipid peroxidation in human disease.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Haley, Hannah M."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Burke, Martin D.","Denmark, Scott E.","Imlay, James A.","van der Donk, Wilfred A."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-09-04T20:47:16Z","date_published":"2018-09-04T20:47:16Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:38Z","subjects":["carotenoid, lipid oxidation, atherosclerosis"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2018 Hannah Haley"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101323","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Burke, Martin D.","Denmark, Scott E.","Imlay, James A.","van der Donk, Wilfred A."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Haley, Hannah M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-09-04T20:47:16Z","2020-09-05T09:15:32Z","2018-04-17","2018-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["carotenoid, lipid oxidation, atherosclerosis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2018 Hannah Haley"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101323"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a hallmark of many human disorders, yet is has often remained ambiguous whether lipid peroxidation plays a causative and therefore addressable role in the onset or pathogenesis of a disease. Small molecule inhibitors of this oxidative process in theory possess the capacity to help clarify this ambiguity, but many of the currently available compounds have important limitations. We therefore proposed that context-specific selective pressures may have promoted the evolution of natural products with potent antilipoperoxidant activity in microorganisms that thrive in environments of extreme oxidative stress. Enabled by a modular building-block synthetic platform, the structurally atypical carotenoid peridinin was found to be a potent inhibitor of non-enzymatic bilayer lipid peroxidation. With the goal of maximizing the utility of peridinin as a small molecule probe of the role of lipid peroxidation in pathogenesis, the mechanistic underpinnings of its antilipoperoxidant activity were investigated. Solid-state NMR experiments with a site-selectively 13C-labeled peridinin isotopologue revealed that the potency is linked to a high effective molarity within lipid bilayers. In contrast to the primarily extramembranous localization of the less effective antilipoperoxidant astaxanthin, peridinin is completely embedded within and physically spans the hydrophobic core of lipid membranes. This antilipoperoxidant probe was leveraged in human primary endothelial cell and mouse model experiments to interrogate the contribution of membrane oxidation towards the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and asthma. The peridinin-mediated mitigation of bilayer lipid peroxidation was shown to attenuate monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, a key step in atherogenesis. Utilizing mouse models of acute asthma, we found that lipid peroxidation is alternatively not a key driver of the asthmatic phenotype. These results suggest that peridinin may have broad potential as a chemical probe to better understand the role of bilayer lipid peroxidation in human disease.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01","The student, Hannah Haley, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-16 at 10:40.","The student, Hannah Haley, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-04-16 at 10:50.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-04-17 at 16:27.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12269 on 2018-08-31 at 17:29:12","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:47:16Z (GMT). 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Small molecule inhibitors of this oxidative process in theory possess the capacity to help clarify this ambiguity, but many of the currently available compounds have important limitations. We therefore proposed that context-specific selective pressures may have promoted the evolution of natural products with potent antilipoperoxidant activity in microorganisms that thrive in environments of extreme oxidative stress. Enabled by a modular building-block synthetic platform, the structurally atypical carotenoid peridinin was found to be a potent inhibitor of non-enzymatic bilayer lipid peroxidation. With the goal of maximizing the utility of peridinin as a small molecule probe of the role of lipid peroxidation in pathogenesis, the mechanistic underpinnings of its antilipoperoxidant activity were investigated. Solid-state NMR experiments with a site-selectively 13C-labeled peridinin isotopologue revealed that the potency is linked to a high effective molarity within lipid bilayers. In contrast to the primarily extramembranous localization of the less effective antilipoperoxidant astaxanthin, peridinin is completely embedded within and physically spans the hydrophobic core of lipid membranes. This antilipoperoxidant probe was leveraged in human primary endothelial cell and mouse model experiments to interrogate the contribution of membrane oxidation towards the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and asthma. The peridinin-mediated mitigation of bilayer lipid peroxidation was shown to attenuate monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, a key step in atherogenesis. Utilizing mouse models of acute asthma, we found that lipid peroxidation is alternatively not a key driver of the asthmatic phenotype. These results suggest that peridinin may have broad potential as a chemical probe to better understand the role of bilayer lipid peroxidation in human disease.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01","The student, Hannah Haley, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-16 at 10:40.","The student, Hannah Haley, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-04-16 at 10:50.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-04-17 at 16:27.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12269 on 2018-08-31 at 17:29:12","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:47:16Z (GMT). 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