{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101289"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101289","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Kinetics and mechanisms of bacteriophage PR772 inactivation by monochloramine","abstract":"With billions of people living with unsafe drinking water sources, ensuring safe drinking water remains a challenging task for environmental engineers and researchers. Human Adenovirus (HAdV) is a pathogen listed in the Contaminant Candidate List 4 of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. HAdV is highly resistant to monochloramine, a common drinking water disinfectant used in the United States and other countries around the world. PR772 is believed to relate evolutionarily to HAdV, which makes PR772 a potential surrogate virus for HAdV. Previous research characterized the monochloramine inactivation kinetics of both viruses, and found that the inactivation kinetics at high pH and high temperature was characterized by a phase of slower rate followed by faster rate, which was different from the more common fast-slow or tailing kinetics observed for other pH-temperature combinations, for both viruses as well as for other microorganisms. This thesis further characterized the kinetics of PR772 inactivation by monochloramine at high pH and high temperature, and proposed a two-reaction model to describe the data. Molecular analyses at various stages of the replication cycle were used to determine which viral replication step was hindered by monochloramine disinfection at pH 8.0-30.0℃ (baseline condition) and pH 10.5-30.0℃ (high pH and high temperature condition). The results showed that early mRNA synthesis, DNA production and late mRNA synthesis were all inhibited. Different from previous research on lower temperature and pH, partial genome damage and loss in viral attachment were observed. No difference between the two pH levels investigated was observed.","abstract_html":"With billions of people living with unsafe drinking water sources, ensuring safe drinking water remains a challenging task for environmental engineers and researchers. Human Adenovirus (HAdV) is a pathogen listed in the Contaminant Candidate List 4 of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. HAdV is highly resistant to monochloramine, a common drinking water disinfectant used in the United States and other countries around the world. PR772 is believed to relate evolutionarily to HAdV, which makes PR772 a potential surrogate virus for HAdV. Previous research characterized the monochloramine inactivation kinetics of both viruses, and found that the inactivation kinetics at high pH and high temperature was characterized by a phase of slower rate followed by faster rate, which was different from the more common fast-slow or tailing kinetics observed for other pH-temperature combinations, for both viruses as well as for other microorganisms. This thesis further characterized the kinetics of PR772 inactivation by monochloramine at high pH and high temperature, and proposed a two-reaction model to describe the data. Molecular analyses at various stages of the replication cycle were used to determine which viral replication step was hindered by monochloramine disinfection at pH 8.0-30.0℃ (baseline condition) and pH 10.5-30.0℃ (high pH and high temperature condition). The results showed that early mRNA synthesis, DNA production and late mRNA synthesis were all inhibited. Different from previous research on lower temperature and pH, partial genome damage and loss in viral attachment were observed. No difference between the two pH levels investigated was observed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cong, Wen"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Environ Engr in Civil Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Mariñas, Benito J."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-09-04T20:46:58Z","date_published":"2018-09-04T20:46:58Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:38Z","subjects":["bacteriophage PR772","monochloramine","disinfection","drinking water"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2018 Wen Cong"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101289","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Mariñas, Benito J."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cong, Wen"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-09-04T20:46:58Z","2020-09-04T09:15:18Z","2018-04-10","2018-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environ Engr in Civil Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["bacteriophage PR772","monochloramine","disinfection","drinking water"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2018 Wen Cong"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101289"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["With billions of people living with unsafe drinking water sources, ensuring safe drinking water remains a challenging task for environmental engineers and researchers. Human Adenovirus (HAdV) is a pathogen listed in the Contaminant Candidate List 4 of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. HAdV is highly resistant to monochloramine, a common drinking water disinfectant used in the United States and other countries around the world. PR772 is believed to relate evolutionarily to HAdV, which makes PR772 a potential surrogate virus for HAdV. Previous research characterized the monochloramine inactivation kinetics of both viruses, and found that the inactivation kinetics at high pH and high temperature was characterized by a phase of slower rate followed by faster rate, which was different from the more common fast-slow or tailing kinetics observed for other pH-temperature combinations, for both viruses as well as for other microorganisms. This thesis further characterized the kinetics of PR772 inactivation by monochloramine at high pH and high temperature, and proposed a two-reaction model to describe the data. Molecular analyses at various stages of the replication cycle were used to determine which viral replication step was hindered by monochloramine disinfection at pH 8.0-30.0℃ (baseline condition) and pH 10.5-30.0℃ (high pH and high temperature condition). The results showed that early mRNA synthesis, DNA production and late mRNA synthesis were all inhibited. Different from previous research on lower temperature and pH, partial genome damage and loss in viral attachment were observed. No difference between the two pH levels investigated was observed.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01","The student, Wen Cong, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-10 at 11:38.","The student, Wen Cong, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-10 at 11:55.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-10 at 15:12.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12162 on 2018-08-31 at 17:26:16","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:46:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 CONG-THESIS-2018.pdf: 1823268 bytes, checksum: 1c199cbf0860100369976632f4081170 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4205 bytes, checksum: 89f75a427b1035a211d26ed611482ae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-10","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107374 Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:47:38Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107374 Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:50:11Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited Restriction set for Item 107374 on 2020-06-15T19:14:49Z with date 2020-09-04 by lac7@illinois.edu.","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 107374 on 2020-09-04T09:15:18Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Kinetics and mechanisms of bacteriophage PR772 inactivation by monochloramine"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Mariñas, Benito J."],"dc:creator":["Cong, Wen"],"dc:date":["2018-09-04T20:46:58Z","2020-09-04T09:15:18Z","2018-04-10","2018-05"],"dc:description":["With billions of people living with unsafe drinking water sources, ensuring safe drinking water remains a challenging task for environmental engineers and researchers. Human Adenovirus (HAdV) is a pathogen listed in the Contaminant Candidate List 4 of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. HAdV is highly resistant to monochloramine, a common drinking water disinfectant used in the United States and other countries around the world. PR772 is believed to relate evolutionarily to HAdV, which makes PR772 a potential surrogate virus for HAdV. Previous research characterized the monochloramine inactivation kinetics of both viruses, and found that the inactivation kinetics at high pH and high temperature was characterized by a phase of slower rate followed by faster rate, which was different from the more common fast-slow or tailing kinetics observed for other pH-temperature combinations, for both viruses as well as for other microorganisms. This thesis further characterized the kinetics of PR772 inactivation by monochloramine at high pH and high temperature, and proposed a two-reaction model to describe the data. Molecular analyses at various stages of the replication cycle were used to determine which viral replication step was hindered by monochloramine disinfection at pH 8.0-30.0℃ (baseline condition) and pH 10.5-30.0℃ (high pH and high temperature condition). The results showed that early mRNA synthesis, DNA production and late mRNA synthesis were all inhibited. Different from previous research on lower temperature and pH, partial genome damage and loss in viral attachment were observed. No difference between the two pH levels investigated was observed.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01","The student, Wen Cong, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-10 at 11:38.","The student, Wen Cong, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-10 at 11:55.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-10 at 15:12.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12162 on 2018-08-31 at 17:26:16","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:46:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 CONG-THESIS-2018.pdf: 1823268 bytes, checksum: 1c199cbf0860100369976632f4081170 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4205 bytes, checksum: 89f75a427b1035a211d26ed611482ae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-10","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107374 Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:47:38Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107374 Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:50:11Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Limited Restriction set for Item 107374 on 2020-06-15T19:14:49Z with date 2020-09-04 by lac7@illinois.edu.","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 107374 on 2020-09-04T09:15:18Z."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101289"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2018 Wen Cong"],"dc:subject":["bacteriophage PR772","monochloramine","disinfection","drinking water"],"dc:title":["Kinetics and mechanisms of bacteriophage PR772 inactivation by monochloramine"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Environ Engr in Civil Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:38Z"}