{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101209"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101209","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The role of heterodera glycines biotin synthase in the nematode-soybean interactions","abstract":"Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a plant-parasitic nematode capable of manipulating host plant biochemistry and development. Many studies have shown that the nematode has acquired genes from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer events (HGTs) that have the potential to enhance nematode parasitism. A recent allelic imbalance analysis identified two candidate virulence genes, which also appear to have entered the SCN genome through HGTs. One of the candidate genes, H. glycines biotin synthase (HgBioB), contained sequence polymorphisms between avirulent and virulent inbred SCN strains. To test the function of avirulent and virulent HgBioB alleles, a complementation experiment using mutant Escherichia coli with these two HgBioB alleles was conducted. Here we report that avirulent nematodes produce an active biotin synthase while virulent ones contain an inactive form of the enzyme. Moreover, we conclude from the sequencing analysis of SCN field populations that in nature the HgBioB gene contains a diverse mixture consisting of both avirulent and virulent alleles, but the virulent forms are more prevalent. We hypothesize that a lack of HgBioB activity within the virulent SCN could allow the nematode to evade a dethiobiotin-related toxin defense mechanism in host plants. Specifically, we showed that all soybean cultivars accumulate detectable levels of α-methyldethiobiotin (α-MDB), a dethiobiotin-related toxin found in bacteria. This is the first report of detecting α-MDB from soybean or any plant. Future work will determine if there is a significant difference in α-MDB levels between resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars.","abstract_html":"Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a plant-parasitic nematode capable of manipulating host plant biochemistry and development. Many studies have shown that the nematode has acquired genes from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer events (HGTs) that have the potential to enhance nematode parasitism. A recent allelic imbalance analysis identified two candidate virulence genes, which also appear to have entered the SCN genome through HGTs. One of the candidate genes, H. glycines biotin synthase (HgBioB), contained sequence polymorphisms between avirulent and virulent inbred SCN strains. To test the function of avirulent and virulent HgBioB alleles, a complementation experiment using mutant Escherichia coli with these two HgBioB alleles was conducted. Here we report that avirulent nematodes produce an active biotin synthase while virulent ones contain an inactive form of the enzyme. Moreover, we conclude from the sequencing analysis of SCN field populations that in nature the HgBioB gene contains a diverse mixture consisting of both avirulent and virulent alleles, but the virulent forms are more prevalent. We hypothesize that a lack of HgBioB activity within the virulent SCN could allow the nematode to evade a dethiobiotin-related toxin defense mechanism in host plants. Specifically, we showed that all soybean cultivars accumulate detectable levels of α-methyldethiobiotin (α-MDB), a dethiobiotin-related toxin found in bacteria. This is the first report of detecting α-MDB from soybean or any plant. Future work will determine if there is a significant difference in α-MDB levels between resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kwon, Khee-Man"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Crop Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lambert, Kris N.","Domier, Leslie","Riechers, Dean"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-09-04T20:36:51Z","date_published":"2018-09-04T20:36:51Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:38Z","subjects":["Heterodera glycines","biotin","vitamin B7","biotin synthase","dethiobiotin","α-methyldethiobiotin","α-methylbiotin","horizontal gene transfer","sequence polymorphisms"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright © 2018 Khee-Man Kwon. All rights reserved."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101209","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lambert, Kris N.","Domier, Leslie","Riechers, Dean"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kwon, Khee-Man"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-09-04T20:36:51Z","2020-09-05T09:15:29Z","2018-04-23","2018-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Crop Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Heterodera glycines","biotin","vitamin B7","biotin synthase","dethiobiotin","α-methyldethiobiotin","α-methylbiotin","horizontal gene transfer","sequence polymorphisms"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright © 2018 Khee-Man Kwon. All rights reserved."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101209"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a plant-parasitic nematode capable of manipulating host plant biochemistry and development. Many studies have shown that the nematode has acquired genes from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer events (HGTs) that have the potential to enhance nematode parasitism. A recent allelic imbalance analysis identified two candidate virulence genes, which also appear to have entered the SCN genome through HGTs. One of the candidate genes, H. glycines biotin synthase (HgBioB), contained sequence polymorphisms between avirulent and virulent inbred SCN strains. To test the function of avirulent and virulent HgBioB alleles, a complementation experiment using mutant Escherichia coli with these two HgBioB alleles was conducted. Here we report that avirulent nematodes produce an active biotin synthase while virulent ones contain an inactive form of the enzyme. Moreover, we conclude from the sequencing analysis of SCN field populations that in nature the HgBioB gene contains a diverse mixture consisting of both avirulent and virulent alleles, but the virulent forms are more prevalent. We hypothesize that a lack of HgBioB activity within the virulent SCN could allow the nematode to evade a dethiobiotin-related toxin defense mechanism in host plants. Specifically, we showed that all soybean cultivars accumulate detectable levels of α-methyldethiobiotin (α-MDB), a dethiobiotin-related toxin found in bacteria. This is the first report of detecting α-MDB from soybean or any plant. Future work will determine if there is a significant difference in α-MDB levels between resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01","The student, Khee-Man Kwon, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-23 at 11:08.","The student, Khee-Man Kwon, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-23 at 15:32.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-23 at 15:56.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12421 on 2018-08-31 at 17:21:14","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 KWON-THESIS-2018.pdf: 800282 bytes, checksum: a8443701382d24a8a61908d490ae55d4 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: 61a144d1c479b037cc4f7ea8db977710 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-23","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107293 Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:37:00Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107293 Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:42:08Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107293 on 2020-09-05T09:15:29Z."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The role of heterodera glycines biotin synthase in the nematode-soybean interactions"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lambert, Kris N.","Domier, Leslie","Riechers, Dean"],"dc:creator":["Kwon, Khee-Man"],"dc:date":["2018-09-04T20:36:51Z","2020-09-05T09:15:29Z","2018-04-23","2018-05"],"dc:description":["Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a plant-parasitic nematode capable of manipulating host plant biochemistry and development. Many studies have shown that the nematode has acquired genes from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer events (HGTs) that have the potential to enhance nematode parasitism. A recent allelic imbalance analysis identified two candidate virulence genes, which also appear to have entered the SCN genome through HGTs. One of the candidate genes, H. glycines biotin synthase (HgBioB), contained sequence polymorphisms between avirulent and virulent inbred SCN strains. To test the function of avirulent and virulent HgBioB alleles, a complementation experiment using mutant Escherichia coli with these two HgBioB alleles was conducted. Here we report that avirulent nematodes produce an active biotin synthase while virulent ones contain an inactive form of the enzyme. Moreover, we conclude from the sequencing analysis of SCN field populations that in nature the HgBioB gene contains a diverse mixture consisting of both avirulent and virulent alleles, but the virulent forms are more prevalent. We hypothesize that a lack of HgBioB activity within the virulent SCN could allow the nematode to evade a dethiobiotin-related toxin defense mechanism in host plants. Specifically, we showed that all soybean cultivars accumulate detectable levels of α-methyldethiobiotin (α-MDB), a dethiobiotin-related toxin found in bacteria. This is the first report of detecting α-MDB from soybean or any plant. Future work will determine if there is a significant difference in α-MDB levels between resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01","The student, Khee-Man Kwon, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-23 at 11:08.","The student, Khee-Man Kwon, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-23 at 15:32.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-23 at 15:56.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12421 on 2018-08-31 at 17:21:14","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:36:51Z (GMT). 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All rights reserved."],"dc:subject":["Heterodera glycines","biotin","vitamin B7","biotin synthase","dethiobiotin","α-methyldethiobiotin","α-methylbiotin","horizontal gene transfer","sequence polymorphisms"],"dc:title":["The role of heterodera glycines biotin synthase in the nematode-soybean interactions"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Crop Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:38Z"}