{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101006"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/101006","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes and their behaviors","abstract":"Nematodes are the most abundant animals on earth. The majority of nematodes are free-living which feed on bacteria and fungi in the soil. However, some nematodes are parasitic to other animals and plants and have a huge impact on human health and agriculture worldwide. The nervous system of the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied extensively. Based on C. elegans and a few other species, nematode nervous systems were thought to be highly conserved. However, using a comparative neuroanatomy approach, I found unexpected variation in the number and structural properties of neurons among ten species across four clades. To further study the nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes, I investigated how the neurotransmitter serotonin regulates their behaviors. Neurotransmitters are endogenous molecules used by neurons for signal transmission. Serotonin regulates feeding and reproductive behaviors in C. elegans, but its role in plant-parasitic nematodes remains unknown. In the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans, I detected serotonergic neurons in cells adjacent to feeding and reproductive structures. I observed that exogenous serotonin induced P. penetrans feeding and reproductive behaviors. Also, using pharmaceutical compounds that disrupt serotonin signaling, my data suggest that these neurons regulate feeding and reproductive behaviors through endogenous serotonin. The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines has a distinct life cycle: both juvenile males and females lose their mobility when feeding is initiated; however, the adult males regain their mobility while females never regain mobility. As a part of a collaborative study with other lab members, I have studied the change in the mobility of H. glycines from a neuronal aspect. GABA is the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in nematodes. I have constructed a map of GABAergic neurons and cloned the gene encoding the key enzyme in GABA synthesis (hg-unc-25) in H. glycines. I have used heterologous rescue in a Caenorhabditis elegans mutant and validated that HG-UNC-25 is indeed the GABA synthesizing enzyme in H. glycines. Also, I have found the sedentary stages of H. glycines is associated with a reduction of GABAergic neurons in the ventral nerve cord. Together, my research has provided evidence that the nervous systems of nematodes are not as conserved as we thought and there is a need to further investigate the nervous system. A better understanding of the nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes may be important to understand the evolution of these parasitic nematodes. More importantly, the knowledge of the how the nervous system regulates the specific behaviors of plant-parasitic nematodes may provide insights into new control strategies.","abstract_html":"Nematodes are the most abundant animals on earth. The majority of nematodes are free-living which feed on bacteria and fungi in the soil. However, some nematodes are parasitic to other animals and plants and have a huge impact on human health and agriculture worldwide. The nervous system of the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied extensively. Based on C. elegans and a few other species, nematode nervous systems were thought to be highly conserved. However, using a comparative neuroanatomy approach, I found unexpected variation in the number and structural properties of neurons among ten species across four clades. To further study the nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes, I investigated how the neurotransmitter serotonin regulates their behaviors. Neurotransmitters are endogenous molecules used by neurons for signal transmission. Serotonin regulates feeding and reproductive behaviors in C. elegans, but its role in plant-parasitic nematodes remains unknown. In the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans, I detected serotonergic neurons in cells adjacent to feeding and reproductive structures. I observed that exogenous serotonin induced P. penetrans feeding and reproductive behaviors. Also, using pharmaceutical compounds that disrupt serotonin signaling, my data suggest that these neurons regulate feeding and reproductive behaviors through endogenous serotonin. The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines has a distinct life cycle: both juvenile males and females lose their mobility when feeding is initiated; however, the adult males regain their mobility while females never regain mobility. As a part of a collaborative study with other lab members, I have studied the change in the mobility of H. glycines from a neuronal aspect. GABA is the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in nematodes. I have constructed a map of GABAergic neurons and cloned the gene encoding the key enzyme in GABA synthesis (hg-unc-25) in H. glycines. I have used heterologous rescue in a Caenorhabditis elegans mutant and validated that HG-UNC-25 is indeed the GABA synthesizing enzyme in H. glycines. Also, I have found the sedentary stages of H. glycines is associated with a reduction of GABAergic neurons in the ventral nerve cord. Together, my research has provided evidence that the nervous systems of nematodes are not as conserved as we thought and there is a need to further investigate the nervous system. A better understanding of the nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes may be important to understand the evolution of these parasitic nematodes. More importantly, the knowledge of the how the nervous system regulates the specific behaviors of plant-parasitic nematodes may provide insights into new control strategies.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Han, Ziduan"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Crop Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Schroeder, Nathan E.","Lambert, Kris N.","Domier, Les","Diers, Brian W."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-09-04T20:27:15Z","date_published":"2018-09-04T20:27:15Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:38Z","subjects":["invertebrate","amphid","ventral nerve cord","GABA","stylet","neuromuscular","C. elegans","neurotransmitter","unc-25"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2018 Ziduan Han"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101006","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Schroeder, Nathan E.","Lambert, Kris N.","Domier, Les","Diers, Brian W."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Han, Ziduan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-09-04T20:27:15Z","2018-04-19","2018-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Crop Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["invertebrate","amphid","ventral nerve cord","GABA","stylet","neuromuscular","C. elegans","neurotransmitter","unc-25"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2018 Ziduan Han"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101006"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Nematodes are the most abundant animals on earth. The majority of nematodes are free-living which feed on bacteria and fungi in the soil. However, some nematodes are parasitic to other animals and plants and have a huge impact on human health and agriculture worldwide. The nervous system of the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied extensively. Based on C. elegans and a few other species, nematode nervous systems were thought to be highly conserved. However, using a comparative neuroanatomy approach, I found unexpected variation in the number and structural properties of neurons among ten species across four clades. To further study the nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes, I investigated how the neurotransmitter serotonin regulates their behaviors. Neurotransmitters are endogenous molecules used by neurons for signal transmission. Serotonin regulates feeding and reproductive behaviors in C. elegans, but its role in plant-parasitic nematodes remains unknown. In the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans, I detected serotonergic neurons in cells adjacent to feeding and reproductive structures. I observed that exogenous serotonin induced P. penetrans feeding and reproductive behaviors. Also, using pharmaceutical compounds that disrupt serotonin signaling, my data suggest that these neurons regulate feeding and reproductive behaviors through endogenous serotonin. The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines has a distinct life cycle: both juvenile males and females lose their mobility when feeding is initiated; however, the adult males regain their mobility while females never regain mobility. As a part of a collaborative study with other lab members, I have studied the change in the mobility of H. glycines from a neuronal aspect. GABA is the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in nematodes. I have constructed a map of GABAergic neurons and cloned the gene encoding the key enzyme in GABA synthesis (hg-unc-25) in H. glycines. I have used heterologous rescue in a Caenorhabditis elegans mutant and validated that HG-UNC-25 is indeed the GABA synthesizing enzyme in H. glycines. Also, I have found the sedentary stages of H. glycines is associated with a reduction of GABAergic neurons in the ventral nerve cord. Together, my research has provided evidence that the nervous systems of nematodes are not as conserved as we thought and there is a need to further investigate the nervous system. A better understanding of the nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes may be important to understand the evolution of these parasitic nematodes. More importantly, the knowledge of the how the nervous system regulates the specific behaviors of plant-parasitic nematodes may provide insights into new control strategies.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. 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The nervous system of the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied extensively. Based on C. elegans and a few other species, nematode nervous systems were thought to be highly conserved. However, using a comparative neuroanatomy approach, I found unexpected variation in the number and structural properties of neurons among ten species across four clades. To further study the nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes, I investigated how the neurotransmitter serotonin regulates their behaviors. Neurotransmitters are endogenous molecules used by neurons for signal transmission. Serotonin regulates feeding and reproductive behaviors in C. elegans, but its role in plant-parasitic nematodes remains unknown. In the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans, I detected serotonergic neurons in cells adjacent to feeding and reproductive structures. I observed that exogenous serotonin induced P. penetrans feeding and reproductive behaviors. Also, using pharmaceutical compounds that disrupt serotonin signaling, my data suggest that these neurons regulate feeding and reproductive behaviors through endogenous serotonin. The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines has a distinct life cycle: both juvenile males and females lose their mobility when feeding is initiated; however, the adult males regain their mobility while females never regain mobility. As a part of a collaborative study with other lab members, I have studied the change in the mobility of H. glycines from a neuronal aspect. GABA is the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in nematodes. I have constructed a map of GABAergic neurons and cloned the gene encoding the key enzyme in GABA synthesis (hg-unc-25) in H. glycines. I have used heterologous rescue in a Caenorhabditis elegans mutant and validated that HG-UNC-25 is indeed the GABA synthesizing enzyme in H. glycines. Also, I have found the sedentary stages of H. glycines is associated with a reduction of GABAergic neurons in the ventral nerve cord. Together, my research has provided evidence that the nervous systems of nematodes are not as conserved as we thought and there is a need to further investigate the nervous system. A better understanding of the nervous system of plant-parasitic nematodes may be important to understand the evolution of these parasitic nematodes. More importantly, the knowledge of the how the nervous system regulates the specific behaviors of plant-parasitic nematodes may provide insights into new control strategies.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2018-08-31 without embargo terms","The student, Ziduan Han, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-17 at 15:00.","The student, Ziduan Han, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-04-17 at 15:09.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-04-19 at 15:35.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12318 on 2018-08-31 at 17:13:26","Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:27:15Z (GMT). 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