{"id":{"repo_id":"uic","oai_identifier":"oai:figshare.com:article/30424960"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uic/oai:figshare.com:article/30424960","repository":{"repo_id":"uic","name":"University of Illinois - Chicago","base_url":"https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai"},"display":{"title":"In Vitro Study Comparing Treatments for Incipient Enamel Lesion Remineralization","abstract":"Purpose: This study compared the remineralization efficacy of Icon™, 3M™ Varnish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride White Varnish (FV), and 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF; Advantage Arrest™) on enamel surfaces affected by incipient caries lesions. Methods: Caries-free permanent teeth, extracted for orthodontic or surgical purposes, were obtained from the Pediatric Dentistry Department at UIC College of Dentistry. Enamel samples (4 mm x 5 mm) were prepared, frozen, and subjected to baseline microhardness testing. Samples were randomized into four groups (n=5/group): Icon, FV, SDF, and a control group. Artificial caries lesions were induced and treated per manufacturers’ instructions. Samples were immersed in a saliva-like remineralization solution for seven days, and post-treatment microhardness was assessed at 20 μm intervals to a depth of 200 μm. Statistical analyses included ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) modeling. Results: SDF demonstrated the lowest microhardness values, with a mean of 147.24 (SD: 39.76) at 100 μm, significantly lower than FV (276.54; SD: 33.72), Icon (254.59; SD: 30.18), and the control (253.19; SD: 36.16). FV and Icon showed significantly higher microhardness, indicating superior enamel strengthening compared to SDF. No significant differences were found between FV and Icon. Conclusions: When managing incipient caries, all three materials are effective options for addressing early caries lesions. However, FV and Icon provided superior remineralization and surface hardening when compared to SDF.","abstract_html":"Purpose: This study compared the remineralization efficacy of Icon™, 3M™ Varnish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride White Varnish (FV), and 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF; Advantage Arrest™) on enamel surfaces affected by incipient caries lesions. Methods: Caries-free permanent teeth, extracted for orthodontic or surgical purposes, were obtained from the Pediatric Dentistry Department at UIC College of Dentistry. Enamel samples (4 mm x 5 mm) were prepared, frozen, and subjected to baseline microhardness testing. Samples were randomized into four groups (n=5/group): Icon, FV, SDF, and a control group. Artificial caries lesions were induced and treated per manufacturers’ instructions. Samples were immersed in a saliva-like remineralization solution for seven days, and post-treatment microhardness was assessed at 20 μm intervals to a depth of 200 μm. Statistical analyses included ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) modeling. Results: SDF demonstrated the lowest microhardness values, with a mean of 147.24 (SD: 39.76) at 100 μm, significantly lower than FV (276.54; SD: 33.72), Icon (254.59; SD: 30.18), and the control (253.19; SD: 36.16). FV and Icon showed significantly higher microhardness, indicating superior enamel strengthening compared to SDF. No significant differences were found between FV and Icon. Conclusions: When managing incipient caries, all three materials are effective options for addressing early caries lesions. However, FV and Icon provided superior remineralization and surface hardening when compared to SDF.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Aliyah Wilson (22481695)"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","date_published":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:34:44Z","subjects":["Pediatric Dentistry"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.25417/uic.30424960.v1","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Aliyah Wilson (22481695)"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-08-01T00:00:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/In_Vitro_Study_Comparing_Treatments_for_Incipient_Enamel_Lesion_Remineralization/30424960"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Pediatric Dentistry"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["10.25417/uic.30424960.v1"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Purpose: This study compared the remineralization efficacy of Icon™, 3M™ Varnish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride White Varnish (FV), and 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF; Advantage Arrest™) on enamel surfaces affected by incipient caries lesions. Methods: Caries-free permanent teeth, extracted for orthodontic or surgical purposes, were obtained from the Pediatric Dentistry Department at UIC College of Dentistry. Enamel samples (4 mm x 5 mm) were prepared, frozen, and subjected to baseline microhardness testing. Samples were randomized into four groups (n=5/group): Icon, FV, SDF, and a control group. Artificial caries lesions were induced and treated per manufacturers’ instructions. Samples were immersed in a saliva-like remineralization solution for seven days, and post-treatment microhardness was assessed at 20 μm intervals to a depth of 200 μm. Statistical analyses included ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) modeling. Results: SDF demonstrated the lowest microhardness values, with a mean of 147.24 (SD: 39.76) at 100 μm, significantly lower than FV (276.54; SD: 33.72), Icon (254.59; SD: 30.18), and the control (253.19; SD: 36.16). FV and Icon showed significantly higher microhardness, indicating superior enamel strengthening compared to SDF. No significant differences were found between FV and Icon. Conclusions: When managing incipient caries, all three materials are effective options for addressing early caries lesions. However, FV and Icon provided superior remineralization and surface hardening when compared to SDF."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["In Vitro Study Comparing Treatments for Incipient Enamel Lesion Remineralization"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Aliyah Wilson (22481695)"],"dc:date":["2025-08-01T00:00:00Z"],"dc:description":["Purpose: This study compared the remineralization efficacy of Icon™, 3M™ Varnish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride White Varnish (FV), and 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF; Advantage Arrest™) on enamel surfaces affected by incipient caries lesions. Methods: Caries-free permanent teeth, extracted for orthodontic or surgical purposes, were obtained from the Pediatric Dentistry Department at UIC College of Dentistry. Enamel samples (4 mm x 5 mm) were prepared, frozen, and subjected to baseline microhardness testing. Samples were randomized into four groups (n=5/group): Icon, FV, SDF, and a control group. Artificial caries lesions were induced and treated per manufacturers’ instructions. Samples were immersed in a saliva-like remineralization solution for seven days, and post-treatment microhardness was assessed at 20 μm intervals to a depth of 200 μm. Statistical analyses included ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) modeling. Results: SDF demonstrated the lowest microhardness values, with a mean of 147.24 (SD: 39.76) at 100 μm, significantly lower than FV (276.54; SD: 33.72), Icon (254.59; SD: 30.18), and the control (253.19; SD: 36.16). FV and Icon showed significantly higher microhardness, indicating superior enamel strengthening compared to SDF. No significant differences were found between FV and Icon. Conclusions: When managing incipient caries, all three materials are effective options for addressing early caries lesions. However, FV and Icon provided superior remineralization and surface hardening when compared to SDF."],"dc:identifier":["10.25417/uic.30424960.v1"],"dc:relation":["https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/In_Vitro_Study_Comparing_Treatments_for_Incipient_Enamel_Lesion_Remineralization/30424960"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:subject":["Pediatric Dentistry"],"dc:title":["In Vitro Study Comparing Treatments for Incipient Enamel Lesion Remineralization"],"dc:type":["Text","Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:34:44Z"}