Association constants for the formation of lead (II) chloride complexes were studies in aqueous solutions also containing copper (II) and cadmium (II) ions.
The ionic strength was adjusted with sodium perchlorate to resemble that of sea water. The temperature was set at fixed values between 5° and 35° C to determine the effect on the equilibria in these systems. The total metal concentration was less than 10-8 M.
Differential pulse anodic striping voltammetry was used with a conventional three electrode system and a thin-film working electrode of Pt/Hg. Complex formation was followed as a function of the ligand concentration by observing the shift in the stripping peak potential Ep.
The measured Ep and temperature data were used to obtain thermodynamic information on the formation of the complex ions. The activity coefficients were assumed constant at a given temperature.
The values for the base ten logarithm of the overall formation constants at 25.0° are 1.11, 1.48 and 1.83 for PbCl+, PbCl°2
and PbCl-3 complexes respectively. These results are in good agreement with literature values. The Δ H of formation values for those complexes in solution were found to be positive. Tentative results were obtained for copper (II) which was only weakly complexed with Cl-
under the present conditions.","abstract_html":"<p>Association constants for the formation of lead (II) chloride complexes were studies in aqueous solutions also containing copper (II) and cadmium (II) ions.</p><p>The ionic strength was adjusted with sodium perchlorate to resemble that of sea water. The temperature was set at fixed values between 5° and 35° C to determine the effect on the equilibria in these systems. The total metal concentration was less than 10<sup>-8</sup> M.</p><p>Differential pulse anodic striping voltammetry was used with a conventional three electrode system and a thin-film working electrode of Pt/Hg. Complex formation was followed as a function of the ligand concentration by observing the shift in the stripping peak potential E<sub>p</sub>.<p>The measured E<sup>p</sup> and temperature data were used to obtain thermodynamic information on the formation of the complex ions. The activity coefficients were assumed constant at a given temperature.</p><p>The values for the base ten logarithm of the overall formation constants at 25.0° are 1.11, 1.48 and 1.83 for PbCl<sup>+</sup>, PbCl°<sub>2</p> and PbCl<sup>-</sub><sub>3</sub> complexes respectively. These results are in good agreement with literature values. The Δ H of formation values for those complexes in solution were found to be positive. Tentative results were obtained for copper (II) which was only weakly complexed with Cl<p>-</p> under the present conditions.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Zamora, Jose Vinicio Macias"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (M.S.)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Graduate School","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Patrick R. Jones"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1984,"date_issued":"1984-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1984-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:36:28Z","subjects":["Metals Effect of temperature on","Chemical equilibrium","Metal ions","Heavy metals","Lead","Copper","Cadmium","Physical Sciences and Mathematics"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/482","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Patrick R. Jones"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Zamora, Jose Vinicio Macias"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["1984-01-01T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Graduate School"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (M.S.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Metals Effect of temperature on","Chemical equilibrium","Metal ions","Heavy metals","Lead","Copper","Cadmium","Physical Sciences and Mathematics"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/482"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Association constants for the formation of lead (II) chloride complexes were studies in aqueous solutions also containing copper (II) and cadmium (II) ions.
The ionic strength was adjusted with sodium perchlorate to resemble that of sea water. The temperature was set at fixed values between 5° and 35° C to determine the effect on the equilibria in these systems. The total metal concentration was less than 10-8 M.
Differential pulse anodic striping voltammetry was used with a conventional three electrode system and a thin-film working electrode of Pt/Hg. Complex formation was followed as a function of the ligand concentration by observing the shift in the stripping peak potential Ep.
The measured Ep and temperature data were used to obtain thermodynamic information on the formation of the complex ions. The activity coefficients were assumed constant at a given temperature.
The values for the base ten logarithm of the overall formation constants at 25.0° are 1.11, 1.48 and 1.83 for PbCl+, PbCl°2
and PbCl-3 complexes respectively. These results are in good agreement with literature values. The Δ H of formation values for those complexes in solution were found to be positive. Tentative results were obtained for copper (II) which was only weakly complexed with Cl-
under the present conditions."]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["93"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effect of temperature on the association constants of some divalent metal ions with chloride in sea water-like solutions"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Patrick R. Jones"],"dc:creator":["Zamora, Jose Vinicio Macias"],"dc:date.available":["1984-01-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Association constants for the formation of lead (II) chloride complexes were studies in aqueous solutions also containing copper (II) and cadmium (II) ions.
The ionic strength was adjusted with sodium perchlorate to resemble that of sea water. The temperature was set at fixed values between 5° and 35° C to determine the effect on the equilibria in these systems. The total metal concentration was less than 10-8 M.
Differential pulse anodic striping voltammetry was used with a conventional three electrode system and a thin-film working electrode of Pt/Hg. Complex formation was followed as a function of the ligand concentration by observing the shift in the stripping peak potential Ep.
The measured Ep and temperature data were used to obtain thermodynamic information on the formation of the complex ions. The activity coefficients were assumed constant at a given temperature.
The values for the base ten logarithm of the overall formation constants at 25.0° are 1.11, 1.48 and 1.83 for PbCl+, PbCl°2
and PbCl-3 complexes respectively. These results are in good agreement with literature values. The Δ H of formation values for those complexes in solution were found to be positive. Tentative results were obtained for copper (II) which was only weakly complexed with Cl-
under the present conditions."],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/482"],"dc:rights":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/"],"dc:source":["93"],"dc:subject":["Metals Effect of temperature on","Chemical equilibrium","Metal ions","Heavy metals","Lead","Copper","Cadmium","Physical Sciences and Mathematics"],"dc:title":["Effect of temperature on the association constants of some divalent metal ions with chloride in sea water-like solutions"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Graduate School"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (M.S.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:36:28Z"}