The purpose of this study is to examine how traditional school districts create online schools and how they navigate contingencies to establish online organizational structures. This study uses the theoretical framework of contingency theory to understand how school districts structurally adapt to internal and external factors, or contingencies to establish new online schools. This multiple case study collected data from three online schools in California that have opened in the past two to seven years. While some research exists concerning the challenges of creating online schools, little has been done as to the challenges and factors that traditional school districts encounter in creating and organizing online schools. The findings from this study revealed that online schools must adapt to contingencies through adaptation features. These identified features were divided into categories that included addressing the context; systems planning, management, and leadership; and in-process adaptability. These findings have important implications for traditional school districts with online schools or exploring the option of creating an online school, as well as for policy makers who help define the contingencies online schools face.
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this study is to examine how traditional school districts create online schools and how they navigate contingencies to establish online organizational structures. This study uses the theoretical framework of contingency theory to understand how school districts structurally adapt to internal and external factors, or contingencies to establish new online schools. This multiple case study collected data from three online schools in California that have opened in the past two to seven years. While some research exists concerning the challenges of creating online schools, little has been done as to the challenges and factors that traditional school districts encounter in creating and organizing online schools. The findings from this study revealed that online schools must adapt to contingencies through adaptation features. These identified features were divided into categories that included addressing the context; systems planning, management, and leadership; and in-process adaptability. These findings have important implications for traditional school districts with online schools or exploring the option of creating an online school, as well as for policy makers who help define the contingencies online schools face.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Taylor, Brett D."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)","degree_level":"Dissertation - Pacific Access Restricted","degree_discipline":"Educational Administration and Leadership","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Delores McNair"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:35:52Z","subjects":["School administration","Organization Theory","Educational technology","Social sciences","Education","Contingency theory","Online schools","Organizational school structure","Educational Administration and Supervision","Educational Leadership"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9781321400076"],"render_values":[{"text":"9781321400076","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/71","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Delores McNair"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Taylor, Brett D."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-06-29T08:57:59Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Educational Administration and Leadership"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation - Pacific Access Restricted"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["School administration","Organization Theory","Educational technology","Social sciences","Education","Contingency theory","Online schools","Organizational school structure","Educational Administration and Supervision","Educational Leadership"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9781321400076","https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/71"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study is to examine how traditional school districts create online schools and how they navigate contingencies to establish online organizational structures. This study uses the theoretical framework of contingency theory to understand how school districts structurally adapt to internal and external factors, or contingencies to establish new online schools. This multiple case study collected data from three online schools in California that have opened in the past two to seven years. While some research exists concerning the challenges of creating online schools, little has been done as to the challenges and factors that traditional school districts encounter in creating and organizing online schools. The findings from this study revealed that online schools must adapt to contingencies through adaptation features. These identified features were divided into categories that included addressing the context; systems planning, management, and leadership; and in-process adaptability. These findings have important implications for traditional school districts with online schools or exploring the option of creating an online school, as well as for policy makers who help define the contingencies online schools face.
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