The Emotional Effects of Warning Labels on Nicotine Pouch Packages
The aim of the study was to measure the emotional effects of warning images on nicotine pouches containers on users and non-users of nicotine pouches. If applicable, similar warning images might be used to affect people’s consumption of nicotine pouches. Participants observed five sets of warning images, with 15 images from the International Affective Picture System displayed as comparisons stimuli. Valence, arousal, and dominance was assessed with Self-Assessment Manikins, and motivational direction was captured with an avoid/approach item. The results showed that the warning images evoked more unsettling emotions and might be used to cause avoidant behavior in users and non-users of nicotine pouches.
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