{"id":{"repo_id":"u-iceland","oai_identifier":"oai:skemman.is:1946/19843"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/u-iceland/oai:skemman.is:1946/19843","repository":{"repo_id":"u-iceland","name":"University of Iceland","base_url":"https://skemman.is/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"A Nationwide Study of ADHD Drug Use among Adults in Iceland 2003-2012","abstract":"In this study we leveraged on complete nationwide prescription data for the total adult population in Iceland (N=227,000), to examine how attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs have been used over the past decade. In particular we aimed to describe the prevalence, incidence and duration of use of stimulants and atomoxetine, among adults (≥19 years) in Iceland, with regard to sex, age, type of drug and specialty of the prescribing physician. Our results indicate that the 1-year period prevalence of ADHD drug use rose, from 2.9 to 12.2 per 1,000 adults between 2003 and 2012, with the most pronounced increases among young adults (19-24 years). The annual incidence increased 3-fold, similarly among men and women. Extended release methylphenidate formulations were the most commonly used ADHD drugs. Specialists in psychiatry initiated treatment in 79% of new adult ADHD drug users. The proportion of users still receiving treatment after one year varied from 43.0% (19-24 years), 57.2% (25-49 years) to 47.5% (50+ years). After 3 years, the corresponding proportions still on treatment were 12.4%, 24.5% and 24.3%, and after 5 years 7.9%, 15.9% and 16.8%. These results of increasing ADHD drug use and short treatment durations call for further investigation of the quality of treatment regimens for adults with ADHD and better follow-up of patients treated with ADHD drugs. Keywords: attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder; ADHD; pharmacoepidemiology; drug utilization; treatment duration; central nervous system stimulants; adults","abstract_html":"In this study we leveraged on complete nationwide prescription data for the total adult population in Iceland (N=227,000), to examine how attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs have been used over the past decade. In particular we aimed to describe the prevalence, incidence and duration of use of stimulants and atomoxetine, among adults (≥19 years) in Iceland, with regard to sex, age, type of drug and specialty of the prescribing physician. Our results indicate that the 1-year period prevalence of ADHD drug use rose, from 2.9 to 12.2 per 1,000 adults between 2003 and 2012, with the most pronounced increases among young adults (19-24 years). The annual incidence increased 3-fold, similarly among men and women. Extended release methylphenidate formulations were the most commonly used ADHD drugs. Specialists in psychiatry initiated treatment in 79% of new adult ADHD drug users. The proportion of users still receiving treatment after one year varied from 43.0% (19-24 years), 57.2% (25-49 years) to 47.5% (50+ years). After 3 years, the corresponding proportions still on treatment were 12.4%, 24.5% and 24.3%, and after 5 years 7.9%, 15.9% and 16.8%. These results of increasing ADHD drug use and short treatment durations call for further investigation of the quality of treatment regimens for adults with ADHD and better follow-up of patients treated with ADHD drugs. Keywords: attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder; ADHD; pharmacoepidemiology; drug utilization; treatment duration; central nervous system stimulants; adults","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Drífa Pálín Geirsdóttir 1978-"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Háskóli Íslands"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-09-25","date_published":"2014-09-25","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:39:12Z","subjects":["Lýðheilsuvísindi","Lyfjanotkun","Fullorðnir","ADHD"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1946/19843","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Háskóli Íslands"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Drífa Pálín Geirsdóttir 1978-"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-09-25T13:18:11Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-09-25T13:18:11Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2014-09-25"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Lýðheilsuvísindi","Lyfjanotkun","Fullorðnir","ADHD"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1946/19843"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In this study we leveraged on complete nationwide prescription data for the total adult population in Iceland (N=227,000), to examine how attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs have been used over the past decade. In particular we aimed to describe the prevalence, incidence and duration of use of stimulants and atomoxetine, among adults (≥19 years) in Iceland, with regard to sex, age, type of drug and specialty of the prescribing physician. Our results indicate that the 1-year period prevalence of ADHD drug use rose, from 2.9 to 12.2 per 1,000 adults between 2003 and 2012, with the most pronounced increases among young adults (19-24 years). The annual incidence increased 3-fold, similarly among men and women. Extended release methylphenidate formulations were the most commonly used ADHD drugs. Specialists in psychiatry initiated treatment in 79% of new adult ADHD drug users. The proportion of users still receiving treatment after one year varied from 43.0% (19-24 years), 57.2% (25-49 years) to 47.5% (50+ years). After 3 years, the corresponding proportions still on treatment were 12.4%, 24.5% and 24.3%, and after 5 years 7.9%, 15.9% and 16.8%. These results of increasing ADHD drug use and short treatment durations call for further investigation of the quality of treatment regimens for adults with ADHD and better follow-up of patients treated with ADHD drugs. Keywords: attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder; ADHD; pharmacoepidemiology; drug utilization; treatment duration; central nervous system stimulants; adults","Rannsóknir sýna að 50% einstaklinga sem greindir eru með einkenni athyglisbrests með ofvirkni (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD) í æsku hafa enn einkenni á fullorðinsárum. Rannsóknir sem gerðar hafa verið á umfangi og þróun notkunar ADHD lyfja á Íslandi hafa fyrst og fremst snúið að börnum. Engin heildstæð úttekt hefur verið gerð á ADHD lyfjanotkun hjá fullorðnum einstaklingum á Íslandi. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að lýsa algengi og nýgengi ADHD lyfjanotkunar sem og meðferðarlengd meðal fullorðinna á Íslandi á árunum 2003-2012. Mynstur notkunar var greint með tilliti til kyns, aldurs, tegund lyfja og sérgrein læknis sem ávísaði lyfinu. Rannsóknin er lýsandi lyfjanotkunarrannsókn sem byggir á gögnum úr Lyfjagagnagrunni Embætti landlæknis. Þýði rannsóknarinnar voru einstaklingar búsettir á Íslandi eldri en 18 ára á rannsóknartímabilinu. Árlegt algengi ADHD lyfjanotkunar hækkaði úr 2,9 á hverja 1000 fullorðna árið 2003 í 12,2 á hverja 1000 árið 2012. Aukningin var mest áberandi hjá aldurshópnum 19-24 ára. Þreföld aukning var á nýjum notendum yfir rannsóknartímabilið. Langvirkandi metýlfenidat reyndist vera algengasta ADHD lyfið. Upphaf ADHD lyfjameðferðar hófst í 79% tilfella hjá sérfræðingum á sviði geðlækninga. Hlutfall þeirra notenda sem enn voru í meðferð eftir 1 ár var frá 43.0% (19-24 ára), 57.2% (25-49 ára) og 47.5% (50 ára og eldri). Eftir þrjú ár, voru 12.4%, 24.5% og 24.3% einstaklinga í sömu aldurshópum enn í meðferð og 7.9%, 15.9% og 16.8% eftir 5 ár. Niðurstöður okkar sýna töluverða aukningu á notkun ADHD lyfja hjá fullorðnum á Íslandi síðastliðinn áratug en jafnframt að meirihluti einstaklinga hættir notkun á innan við ári frá upphafi meðferðar. Bendir þetta til að nauðsynlegt sé að skoða nánar gæði meðferðarúrræða fyrir fullorðna einstaklinga með ADHD sem og eftirfylgni í lyfjameðferð á Íslandi. Lykilorð: athyglisbrestur með ofvirkni; ADHD; lyfjafaraldsfræði; lyfjanotkun; meðferðarlengd; örvandi lyf; fullorðnir"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A Nationwide Study of ADHD Drug Use among Adults in Iceland 2003-2012","Lyfjameðferð fullorðinna með ADHD á Íslandi 2003-2012: Algengi, nýgengi og meðferðarlengd"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Háskóli Íslands"],"dc:creator":["Drífa Pálín Geirsdóttir 1978-"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-09-25T13:18:11Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-09-25T13:18:11Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2014-09-25"],"dc:description.abstract":["In this study we leveraged on complete nationwide prescription data for the total adult population in Iceland (N=227,000), to examine how attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs have been used over the past decade. In particular we aimed to describe the prevalence, incidence and duration of use of stimulants and atomoxetine, among adults (≥19 years) in Iceland, with regard to sex, age, type of drug and specialty of the prescribing physician. Our results indicate that the 1-year period prevalence of ADHD drug use rose, from 2.9 to 12.2 per 1,000 adults between 2003 and 2012, with the most pronounced increases among young adults (19-24 years). The annual incidence increased 3-fold, similarly among men and women. Extended release methylphenidate formulations were the most commonly used ADHD drugs. Specialists in psychiatry initiated treatment in 79% of new adult ADHD drug users. The proportion of users still receiving treatment after one year varied from 43.0% (19-24 years), 57.2% (25-49 years) to 47.5% (50+ years). After 3 years, the corresponding proportions still on treatment were 12.4%, 24.5% and 24.3%, and after 5 years 7.9%, 15.9% and 16.8%. These results of increasing ADHD drug use and short treatment durations call for further investigation of the quality of treatment regimens for adults with ADHD and better follow-up of patients treated with ADHD drugs. Keywords: attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder; ADHD; pharmacoepidemiology; drug utilization; treatment duration; central nervous system stimulants; adults","Rannsóknir sýna að 50% einstaklinga sem greindir eru með einkenni athyglisbrests með ofvirkni (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD) í æsku hafa enn einkenni á fullorðinsárum. Rannsóknir sem gerðar hafa verið á umfangi og þróun notkunar ADHD lyfja á Íslandi hafa fyrst og fremst snúið að börnum. Engin heildstæð úttekt hefur verið gerð á ADHD lyfjanotkun hjá fullorðnum einstaklingum á Íslandi. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að lýsa algengi og nýgengi ADHD lyfjanotkunar sem og meðferðarlengd meðal fullorðinna á Íslandi á árunum 2003-2012. Mynstur notkunar var greint með tilliti til kyns, aldurs, tegund lyfja og sérgrein læknis sem ávísaði lyfinu. Rannsóknin er lýsandi lyfjanotkunarrannsókn sem byggir á gögnum úr Lyfjagagnagrunni Embætti landlæknis. Þýði rannsóknarinnar voru einstaklingar búsettir á Íslandi eldri en 18 ára á rannsóknartímabilinu. Árlegt algengi ADHD lyfjanotkunar hækkaði úr 2,9 á hverja 1000 fullorðna árið 2003 í 12,2 á hverja 1000 árið 2012. Aukningin var mest áberandi hjá aldurshópnum 19-24 ára. Þreföld aukning var á nýjum notendum yfir rannsóknartímabilið. Langvirkandi metýlfenidat reyndist vera algengasta ADHD lyfið. Upphaf ADHD lyfjameðferðar hófst í 79% tilfella hjá sérfræðingum á sviði geðlækninga. Hlutfall þeirra notenda sem enn voru í meðferð eftir 1 ár var frá 43.0% (19-24 ára), 57.2% (25-49 ára) og 47.5% (50 ára og eldri). Eftir þrjú ár, voru 12.4%, 24.5% og 24.3% einstaklinga í sömu aldurshópum enn í meðferð og 7.9%, 15.9% og 16.8% eftir 5 ár. Niðurstöður okkar sýna töluverða aukningu á notkun ADHD lyfja hjá fullorðnum á Íslandi síðastliðinn áratug en jafnframt að meirihluti einstaklinga hættir notkun á innan við ári frá upphafi meðferðar. Bendir þetta til að nauðsynlegt sé að skoða nánar gæði meðferðarúrræða fyrir fullorðna einstaklinga með ADHD sem og eftirfylgni í lyfjameðferð á Íslandi. Lykilorð: athyglisbrestur með ofvirkni; ADHD; lyfjafaraldsfræði; lyfjanotkun; meðferðarlengd; örvandi lyf; fullorðnir"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1946/19843"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["Lýðheilsuvísindi","Lyfjanotkun","Fullorðnir","ADHD"],"dc:title":["A Nationwide Study of ADHD Drug Use among Adults in Iceland 2003-2012","Lyfjameðferð fullorðinna með ADHD á Íslandi 2003-2012: Algengi, nýgengi og meðferðarlengd"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:39:12Z"}