{"id":{"repo_id":"twu","oai_identifier":"oai:twu-ir.tdl.org:11274/11500"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/twu/oai:twu-ir.tdl.org:11274/11500","repository":{"repo_id":"twu","name":"Texas Woman's University","base_url":"https://twu-ir.tdl.org/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Serving each other: Formal and informal support systems of early twentieth century waitresses","abstract":"Wage-earning women of the early twentieth century challenged the traditional model of womanhood. Many women seeking jobs as wage-laborers found employment opportunities by serving the public as waitresses. To survive urban living conditions, these women allied themselves with each other and middle class women to combat a negative perception of themselves, and to form support networks for living and childcare. Furthermore, waitresses became a vocal force in labor history; they sought to found unions to meet their professional needs. In March, 1900, waitresses began organizing exclusively female unions. Unionizing goals reflected their condition as women in a society that was openly hostile to women wage earners. This study will utilize an engendered social-cultural perspective model to understand why and how waitresses established formal and informal systems of sisterhood and solidarity.","abstract_html":"Wage-earning women of the early twentieth century challenged the traditional model of womanhood. Many women seeking jobs as wage-laborers found employment opportunities by serving the public as waitresses. To survive urban living conditions, these women allied themselves with each other and middle class women to combat a negative perception of themselves, and to form support networks for living and childcare. Furthermore, waitresses became a vocal force in labor history; they sought to found unions to meet their professional needs. In March, 1900, waitresses began organizing exclusively female unions. Unionizing goals reflected their condition as women in a society that was openly hostile to women wage earners. This study will utilize an engendered social-cultural perspective model to understand why and how waitresses established formal and informal systems of sisterhood and solidarity.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Taylor, Kimberly Kam"],"institution":"Texas Woman's University","degree_name":"Master of Arts","degree_level":"Master","degree_discipline":"History","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Travis, Paul D."],"committee_members":["Alexander, Jim","Phillips, Brenda"],"year":2001,"date_issued":"2001-08","date_published":"2001-08","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:05:03Z","subjects":["Social sciences","Women's studies","American labor relations","Foodservice history"],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11274/11500","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Travis, Paul D."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Alexander, Jim","Phillips, Brenda"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Taylor, Kimberly Kam"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2019-07-02T14:15:03Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-07-02T14:15:03Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2001-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["History"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Master"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Texas Woman's University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Social sciences","Women's studies","American labor relations","Foodservice history"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/11274/11500"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Wage-earning women of the early twentieth century challenged the traditional model of womanhood. Many women seeking jobs as wage-laborers found employment opportunities by serving the public as waitresses. To survive urban living conditions, these women allied themselves with each other and middle class women to combat a negative perception of themselves, and to form support networks for living and childcare. Furthermore, waitresses became a vocal force in labor history; they sought to found unions to meet their professional needs. In March, 1900, waitresses began organizing exclusively female unions. Unionizing goals reflected their condition as women in a society that was openly hostile to women wage earners. This study will utilize an engendered social-cultural perspective model to understand why and how waitresses established formal and informal systems of sisterhood and solidarity."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Serving each other: Formal and informal support systems of early twentieth century waitresses"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Travis, Paul D."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Alexander, Jim","Phillips, Brenda"],"dc:creator":["Taylor, Kimberly Kam"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2019-07-02T14:15:03Z"],"dc:date.available":["2019-07-02T14:15:03Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2001-08"],"dc:description.abstract":["Wage-earning women of the early twentieth century challenged the traditional model of womanhood. Many women seeking jobs as wage-laborers found employment opportunities by serving the public as waitresses. To survive urban living conditions, these women allied themselves with each other and middle class women to combat a negative perception of themselves, and to form support networks for living and childcare. Furthermore, waitresses became a vocal force in labor history; they sought to found unions to meet their professional needs. In March, 1900, waitresses began organizing exclusively female unions. Unionizing goals reflected their condition as women in a society that was openly hostile to women wage earners. This study will utilize an engendered social-cultural perspective model to understand why and how waitresses established formal and informal systems of sisterhood and solidarity."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/11274/11500"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:subject":["Social sciences","Women's studies","American labor relations","Foodservice history"],"dc:title":["Serving each other: Formal and informal support systems of early twentieth century waitresses"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["History"],"thesis:degree_level":["Master"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts"],"thesis:institution_name":["Texas Woman's University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:05:03Z"}