{"id":{"repo_id":"twu","oai_identifier":"oai:twu-ir.tdl.org:11274/10272"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/twu/oai:twu-ir.tdl.org:11274/10272","repository":{"repo_id":"twu","name":"Texas Woman's University","base_url":"https://twu-ir.tdl.org/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Labor productivity standards in Texas school foodservice operations","abstract":"Labor cost can impact a school foodservice budget greatly. This study investigated the utilization of labor productivity standards and meal equivalents (MEs) in Texas school foodservice operations and school foodservice directors' perceptions of how variables affect labor productivity. A questionnaire was mailed to 200 randomly selected Texas school foodservice directors; 105 (52%) responses were analyzed. The most common standard used was meals per labor hour (MPLH) (76%); both MPLH and labor cost as a percentage of revenue (%LABOR) were utilized more frequently in larger size districts. Meal equivalent (ME) conversions were most commonly defined as one lunch, two breakfasts, $2.00 of a la carte sales or three or four after-school snacks. Respondents felt that volume of meals produced was the most important variable affecting labor. There was little consistency in use of labor productivity standards and ME conversions in Texas schools, which therefore limits the validity of external benchmarking. However, foodservice directors can utilize standards internally to forecast labor needs, make decisions about productivity, and hold employees accountable for their time.","abstract_html":"Labor cost can impact a school foodservice budget greatly. This study investigated the utilization of labor productivity standards and meal equivalents (MEs) in Texas school foodservice operations and school foodservice directors' perceptions of how variables affect labor productivity. A questionnaire was mailed to 200 randomly selected Texas school foodservice directors; 105 (52%) responses were analyzed. The most common standard used was meals per labor hour (MPLH) (76%); both MPLH and labor cost as a percentage of revenue (%LABOR) were utilized more frequently in larger size districts. Meal equivalent (ME) conversions were most commonly defined as one lunch, two breakfasts, $2.00 of a la carte sales or three or four after-school snacks. Respondents felt that volume of meals produced was the most important variable affecting labor. There was little consistency in use of labor productivity standards and ME conversions in Texas schools, which therefore limits the validity of external benchmarking. However, foodservice directors can utilize standards internally to forecast labor needs, make decisions about productivity, and hold employees accountable for their time.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Fowler, Allison Rachelle"],"institution":"Texas Woman's University","degree_name":"Master of Business Administration","degree_level":"Master","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Bednar, Carolyn"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Kwon, Junehee","Mercer, Phyllis","Sargent, Judy"],"year":2006,"date_issued":"2006-12-30","date_published":"2006-12-30","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:05:26Z","subjects":["Health and environmental sciences","Social sciences","Education","Management","Labor economics","School administration","Nutrition","Labor costs","Food service","Productivity"],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11274/10272","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Bednar, Carolyn"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Kwon, Junehee","Mercer, Phyllis","Sargent, Judy"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Fowler, Allison Rachelle"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2018-09-04T16:00:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-09-04T16:00:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2006-12-30"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Master"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Business Administration"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Texas Woman's University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Health and environmental sciences","Social sciences","Education","Management","Labor economics","School administration","Nutrition","Labor costs","Food service","Productivity"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/11274/10272"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Labor cost can impact a school foodservice budget greatly. This study investigated the utilization of labor productivity standards and meal equivalents (MEs) in Texas school foodservice operations and school foodservice directors' perceptions of how variables affect labor productivity. A questionnaire was mailed to 200 randomly selected Texas school foodservice directors; 105 (52%) responses were analyzed. The most common standard used was meals per labor hour (MPLH) (76%); both MPLH and labor cost as a percentage of revenue (%LABOR) were utilized more frequently in larger size districts. Meal equivalent (ME) conversions were most commonly defined as one lunch, two breakfasts, $2.00 of a la carte sales or three or four after-school snacks. Respondents felt that volume of meals produced was the most important variable affecting labor. There was little consistency in use of labor productivity standards and ME conversions in Texas schools, which therefore limits the validity of external benchmarking. However, foodservice directors can utilize standards internally to forecast labor needs, make decisions about productivity, and hold employees accountable for their time."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Labor productivity standards in Texas school foodservice operations"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Bednar, Carolyn"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Kwon, Junehee","Mercer, Phyllis","Sargent, Judy"],"dc:creator":["Fowler, Allison Rachelle"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2018-09-04T16:00:12Z"],"dc:date.available":["2018-09-04T16:00:12Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2006-12-30"],"dc:description.abstract":["Labor cost can impact a school foodservice budget greatly. This study investigated the utilization of labor productivity standards and meal equivalents (MEs) in Texas school foodservice operations and school foodservice directors' perceptions of how variables affect labor productivity. A questionnaire was mailed to 200 randomly selected Texas school foodservice directors; 105 (52%) responses were analyzed. The most common standard used was meals per labor hour (MPLH) (76%); both MPLH and labor cost as a percentage of revenue (%LABOR) were utilized more frequently in larger size districts. Meal equivalent (ME) conversions were most commonly defined as one lunch, two breakfasts, $2.00 of a la carte sales or three or four after-school snacks. Respondents felt that volume of meals produced was the most important variable affecting labor. There was little consistency in use of labor productivity standards and ME conversions in Texas schools, which therefore limits the validity of external benchmarking. However, foodservice directors can utilize standards internally to forecast labor needs, make decisions about productivity, and hold employees accountable for their time."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/11274/10272"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:subject":["Health and environmental sciences","Social sciences","Education","Management","Labor economics","School administration","Nutrition","Labor costs","Food service","Productivity"],"dc:title":["Labor productivity standards in Texas school foodservice operations"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_level":["Master"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Business Administration"],"thesis:institution_name":["Texas Woman's University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:05:26Z"}