{"id":{"repo_id":"tu-berlin","oai_identifier":"oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/26895"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/tu-berlin/oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/26895","repository":{"repo_id":"tu-berlin","name":"Technische Universität Berlin","base_url":"https://api-depositonce.tu-berlin.de/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Interface engineering and multi-modal characterization of co-evaporated metal halide perovskite films for efficient perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells","abstract":"The increasing global energy demand necessitates the rapid development of high-efficiency and scalable renewable energy technologies. Perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells (PSTs) have recently reached certified efficiencies of 34.9%, surpassing the single-junction efficiency limit and underscoring their industrial potential. To enable large-scale deployment, up-scalable deposition methods for metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are essential. Among these, co-evaporation offers conformal coverage of textured silicon, solvent-free processing, and precise thickness control. Despite these advantages, the performance of PSTs with co-evaporated MHP films currently lags behind state-of-the-art solution-processed devices. This thesis addresses the challenges of co-evaporated MHP growth by developing strategies for controlled nucleation and buried interface engineering. We first systematically investigate the impact of PbI2, PbCl2, CsI and CsCl seed layers on the morphology, composition, and optoelectronic properties of co-evaporated FA0.8Cs0.2PbI2.7Br0.3 films. While all seed layers reduce band gap variability compared to reference samples, CsCl and CsI promote organic precursor incorporation, yielding large apparent grains and enhanced photoluminescence. In contrast, PbI2 and PbCl2 lead to poorer film morphology and degraded optoelectronic quality. CsCl emerged as the optimal seed layer, producing films with the targeted ~1.68 eV band gap for PSTs. Single-junction devices with CsCl reach 19.6% efficiency with improved stability, establishing CsCl as an effective tool for reproducible film quality. We then investigate the influence of inhomogeneities in MeO-2PACz self-assembled hole transport layers. Using infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) and, for the first time, demonstrating nanoscale X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) on ultra-thin (5–20 nm) MHP films and buried interfaces, we reveal that insufficient MeO-2PACz coverage hinders organic precursor incorporation and promotes interfacial PbI2 formation. These effects were particularly pronounced on textured silicon, where MeO-2PACz accumulates in pyramid valleys. Incorporating a CsCl seed layer mitigates these inhomogeneities, resulting in more uniform buried interfaces and suppression of interfacial PbI2. Applied to PSTs, CsCl improved fill factor and open-circuit voltage, yielding a certified tandem efficiency of 29.7%, the highest reported for devices with fully vacuum-processed MHP absorbers. Finally, we probe nano-scale inhomogeneities in 20 nm thick co-evaporated MHP films grown on reference, CsCl seeded and substrate washed with ethanol, revealing inhomogeneous film formation and elevated cesium- and carbon-rich domains deficient in iodine and lead. Residual CsCl forms islands that facilitate early perovskite phase formation, as confirmed by cathodoluminescence measurements. These findings highlight the complex growth dynamics of mixed-cation, mixed-halide co-evaporated MHPs and the crucial role of seed layer engineering in controlling nucleation pathways. Together, these results demonstrate that seed layer optimization and interface control are central to advancing co-evaporated MHPs toward scalable tandem applications. By linking nanoscale growth phenomena to macroscopic device performance, this work provides mechanistic insights and practical strategies for evidence-based optimization of buried interfaces in co-evaporation, ultimately advancing the pathway to industrial deployment of PSTs.","abstract_html":"The increasing global energy demand necessitates the rapid development of high-efficiency and scalable renewable energy technologies. Perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells (PSTs) have recently reached certified efficiencies of 34.9%, surpassing the single-junction efficiency limit and underscoring their industrial potential. To enable large-scale deployment, up-scalable deposition methods for metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are essential. Among these, co-evaporation offers conformal coverage of textured silicon, solvent-free processing, and precise thickness control. Despite these advantages, the performance of PSTs with co-evaporated MHP films currently lags behind state-of-the-art solution-processed devices. This thesis addresses the challenges of co-evaporated MHP growth by developing strategies for controlled nucleation and buried interface engineering. We first systematically investigate the impact of PbI2, PbCl2, CsI and CsCl seed layers on the morphology, composition, and optoelectronic properties of co-evaporated FA0.8Cs0.2PbI2.7Br0.3 films. While all seed layers reduce band gap variability compared to reference samples, CsCl and CsI promote organic precursor incorporation, yielding large apparent grains and enhanced photoluminescence. In contrast, PbI2 and PbCl2 lead to poorer film morphology and degraded optoelectronic quality. CsCl emerged as the optimal seed layer, producing films with the targeted ~1.68 eV band gap for PSTs. Single-junction devices with CsCl reach 19.6% efficiency with improved stability, establishing CsCl as an effective tool for reproducible film quality. We then investigate the influence of inhomogeneities in MeO-2PACz self-assembled hole transport layers. Using infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) and, for the first time, demonstrating nanoscale X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) on ultra-thin (5–20 nm) MHP films and buried interfaces, we reveal that insufficient MeO-2PACz coverage hinders organic precursor incorporation and promotes interfacial PbI2 formation. These effects were particularly pronounced on textured silicon, where MeO-2PACz accumulates in pyramid valleys. Incorporating a CsCl seed layer mitigates these inhomogeneities, resulting in more uniform buried interfaces and suppression of interfacial PbI2. Applied to PSTs, CsCl improved fill factor and open-circuit voltage, yielding a certified tandem efficiency of 29.7%, the highest reported for devices with fully vacuum-processed MHP absorbers. Finally, we probe nano-scale inhomogeneities in 20 nm thick co-evaporated MHP films grown on reference, CsCl seeded and substrate washed with ethanol, revealing inhomogeneous film formation and elevated cesium- and carbon-rich domains deficient in iodine and lead. Residual CsCl forms islands that facilitate early perovskite phase formation, as confirmed by cathodoluminescence measurements. These findings highlight the complex growth dynamics of mixed-cation, mixed-halide co-evaporated MHPs and the crucial role of seed layer engineering in controlling nucleation pathways. Together, these results demonstrate that seed layer optimization and interface control are central to advancing co-evaporated MHPs toward scalable tandem applications. By linking nanoscale growth phenomena to macroscopic device performance, this work provides mechanistic insights and practical strategies for evidence-based optimization of buried interfaces in co-evaporation, ultimately advancing the pathway to industrial deployment of PSTs.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Škorjanc, Viktor"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Albrecht, Steve","Rech, Bernd"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2026,"date_issued":"2026","date_published":"2026","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:28:33Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-25728"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-25728","href":"https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-25728","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/26895","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Albrecht, Steve","Rech, Bernd"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Škorjanc, Viktor"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2026-05-07T09:31:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2026-05-07T09:31:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2026"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Doctoral Thesis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/26895","https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-25728"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The increasing global energy demand necessitates the rapid development of high-efficiency and scalable renewable energy technologies. Perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells (PSTs) have recently reached certified efficiencies of 34.9%, surpassing the single-junction efficiency limit and underscoring their industrial potential. To enable large-scale deployment, up-scalable deposition methods for metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are essential. Among these, co-evaporation offers conformal coverage of textured silicon, solvent-free processing, and precise thickness control. Despite these advantages, the performance of PSTs with co-evaporated MHP films currently lags behind state-of-the-art solution-processed devices. This thesis addresses the challenges of co-evaporated MHP growth by developing strategies for controlled nucleation and buried interface engineering. We first systematically investigate the impact of PbI2, PbCl2, CsI and CsCl seed layers on the morphology, composition, and optoelectronic properties of co-evaporated FA0.8Cs0.2PbI2.7Br0.3 films. While all seed layers reduce band gap variability compared to reference samples, CsCl and CsI promote organic precursor incorporation, yielding large apparent grains and enhanced photoluminescence. In contrast, PbI2 and PbCl2 lead to poorer film morphology and degraded optoelectronic quality. CsCl emerged as the optimal seed layer, producing films with the targeted ~1.68 eV band gap for PSTs. Single-junction devices with CsCl reach 19.6% efficiency with improved stability, establishing CsCl as an effective tool for reproducible film quality. We then investigate the influence of inhomogeneities in MeO-2PACz self-assembled hole transport layers. Using infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) and, for the first time, demonstrating nanoscale X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) on ultra-thin (5–20 nm) MHP films and buried interfaces, we reveal that insufficient MeO-2PACz coverage hinders organic precursor incorporation and promotes interfacial PbI2 formation. These effects were particularly pronounced on textured silicon, where MeO-2PACz accumulates in pyramid valleys. Incorporating a CsCl seed layer mitigates these inhomogeneities, resulting in more uniform buried interfaces and suppression of interfacial PbI2. Applied to PSTs, CsCl improved fill factor and open-circuit voltage, yielding a certified tandem efficiency of 29.7%, the highest reported for devices with fully vacuum-processed MHP absorbers. Finally, we probe nano-scale inhomogeneities in 20 nm thick co-evaporated MHP films grown on reference, CsCl seeded and substrate washed with ethanol, revealing inhomogeneous film formation and elevated cesium- and carbon-rich domains deficient in iodine and lead. Residual CsCl forms islands that facilitate early perovskite phase formation, as confirmed by cathodoluminescence measurements. These findings highlight the complex growth dynamics of mixed-cation, mixed-halide co-evaporated MHPs and the crucial role of seed layer engineering in controlling nucleation pathways. Together, these results demonstrate that seed layer optimization and interface control are central to advancing co-evaporated MHPs toward scalable tandem applications. By linking nanoscale growth phenomena to macroscopic device performance, this work provides mechanistic insights and practical strategies for evidence-based optimization of buried interfaces in co-evaporation, ultimately advancing the pathway to industrial deployment of PSTs.","Der weltweit steigende Energiebedarf erfordert die schnelle Entwicklung hocheffizienter und skalierbarer Technologien für erneuerbare Energien. Perowskit–Silizium-Tandemsolarzellen (PSTs) haben kürzlich zertifizierte Wirkungsgrade von 34,9 % erreicht, womit sie das Effizienzlimit von Einfach-Solarzellen überschreiten und ihr industrielles Potenzial unterstreichen. Für eine großflächige Umsetzung sind skalierbare Abscheideverfahren für Metallhalogenid-Perowskite (MHPs) entscheidend. Unter diesen bietet die Ko-Verdampfung eine konforme Abdeckung auf texturiertem Silizium, lösungsmittelfreie Verarbeitung und präzise Schichtdickenkontrolle. Trotz dieser Vorteile liegt die Leistung von PSTs mit ko-verdampften MHP-Schichten derzeit noch unter der von PSTs aus modernsten lösemittelsbasierten Verfahren. Diese Dissertation adressiert die Herausforderungen des MHP-Wachstums durch Ko-Verdampfung durch die Entwicklung von Strategien zur kontrollierten Keimbildung und Grenzflächen-Optimierung. Zunächst untersuchen wir systematisch den Einfluss von PbI2-, PbCl2-, CsI- und CsCl-Saatlagen auf die Morphologie, Zusammensetzung und optoelektronischen Eigenschaften von ko-verdampften FA0.8Cs0.2PbI2.7Br0.3-Filmen. Während alle Saatlagen die Bandlückenvariabilität im Vergleich zu den Referenzproben reduzieren, fördern CsCl und CsI die Einbindung organischer Vorstufen, was zu großen Körnern und erhöhter Photolumineszenz führt. Im Gegensatz dazu verschlechtern PbI2 und PbCl2 die Filmmorphologie und die optoelektronische Qualität. CsCl erweist sich als optimale Saatlage und ermöglicht Filme mit der für PSTs angestrebten Bandlücke von ~1,68 eV. Einfach-Solarzellen mit CsCl erreichen einen Wirkungsgrad von 19,6% bei verbesserter Stabilität und zeigen CsCl als wirksames Werkzeug für reproduzierbare Filmqualität. Anschließend untersuchen wir den Einfluss von Inhomogenitäten in selbstorganisierten MeO-2PACz-Lochtransportschichten. Mit infraroter Streuungs-nahfeldoptischer Mikroskopie (IR s-SNOM) und erstmalig mit Röntgen-Photoemissions-Elektronenmikroskopie (XPEEM) im Nanomaßstab auf ultradünnen (5–20 nm) MHP-Schichten und verdeckten Grenzflächen zeigen wir, dass unzureichende MeO-2PACz-Abdeckung die Einbindung organischer Vorstufen behindert und die Bildung von PbI2 and Grenzflächen begünstigt. Diese Effekte sind besonders ausgeprägt auf texturiertem Silizium, wo sich MeO-2PACz in den Pyramidentälern ansammelt. Die Integration einer CsCl-Saatlage reduziert diese Inhomogenitäten, führt zu homogeneren Grenzflächen und unterdrückt PbI2-bildiung and Grenzflächen. In PSTs verbessert CsCl Füllfaktor und Leerlaufspannung und ermöglicht einen zertifizierten Tandem-Wirkungsgrad von 29,7 % – den bisher höchsten für vollständig vakuumprozessierte MHP-Absorber. Schließlich untersuchen wir Inhomogenitäten auf Nanoskala in 20 nm dicken ko-verdampften MHP-Filmen, die auf Referenzsubstraten, CsCl-Saatlagen und mit Ethanol gewaschenen Substraten abgeschieden wurden. Dabei zeigen sich inhomogene Filmstrukturen und erhöhte Cs- und C-reiche Domänen mit Iod- und Bleimangel. Restliches CsCl bildet Inseln, die die frühe Perowskitphasen-Bildung erleichtern, was durch Kathodolumineszenzmessungen bestätigt wird. Diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die komplexe Wachstumsdynamik von ko-verdampften, gemischt-kationischen und gemischt-halogenhaltigen MHPs sowie die zentrale Rolle des Saatlagen-Engineerings bei der Steuerung der Keimbildungspfade. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Saatlagen-Optimierung und Grenzflächenkontrolle entscheidend für den Fortschritt ko-verdampfter MHPs hin zu skalierbaren Tandemanwendungen sind. Durch die Verknüpfung von nanoskaligen Wachstumsphänomenen mit makroskopischer Geräteperformance liefert diese Arbeit sowohl mechanistische Einblicke als auch praxisnahe Strategien für eine evidenzbasierte Optimierung verborgener Grenzflächen in der Ko-Verdampfung – und ebnet so den Weg zur industriellen Umsetzung von PSTs."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Interface engineering and multi-modal characterization of co-evaporated metal halide perovskite films for efficient perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Albrecht, Steve","Rech, Bernd"],"dc:creator":["Škorjanc, Viktor"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2026-05-07T09:31:17Z"],"dc:date.available":["2026-05-07T09:31:17Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2026"],"dc:description.abstract":["The increasing global energy demand necessitates the rapid development of high-efficiency and scalable renewable energy technologies. Perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells (PSTs) have recently reached certified efficiencies of 34.9%, surpassing the single-junction efficiency limit and underscoring their industrial potential. To enable large-scale deployment, up-scalable deposition methods for metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are essential. Among these, co-evaporation offers conformal coverage of textured silicon, solvent-free processing, and precise thickness control. Despite these advantages, the performance of PSTs with co-evaporated MHP films currently lags behind state-of-the-art solution-processed devices. This thesis addresses the challenges of co-evaporated MHP growth by developing strategies for controlled nucleation and buried interface engineering. We first systematically investigate the impact of PbI2, PbCl2, CsI and CsCl seed layers on the morphology, composition, and optoelectronic properties of co-evaporated FA0.8Cs0.2PbI2.7Br0.3 films. While all seed layers reduce band gap variability compared to reference samples, CsCl and CsI promote organic precursor incorporation, yielding large apparent grains and enhanced photoluminescence. In contrast, PbI2 and PbCl2 lead to poorer film morphology and degraded optoelectronic quality. CsCl emerged as the optimal seed layer, producing films with the targeted ~1.68 eV band gap for PSTs. Single-junction devices with CsCl reach 19.6% efficiency with improved stability, establishing CsCl as an effective tool for reproducible film quality. We then investigate the influence of inhomogeneities in MeO-2PACz self-assembled hole transport layers. Using infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) and, for the first time, demonstrating nanoscale X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) on ultra-thin (5–20 nm) MHP films and buried interfaces, we reveal that insufficient MeO-2PACz coverage hinders organic precursor incorporation and promotes interfacial PbI2 formation. These effects were particularly pronounced on textured silicon, where MeO-2PACz accumulates in pyramid valleys. Incorporating a CsCl seed layer mitigates these inhomogeneities, resulting in more uniform buried interfaces and suppression of interfacial PbI2. Applied to PSTs, CsCl improved fill factor and open-circuit voltage, yielding a certified tandem efficiency of 29.7%, the highest reported for devices with fully vacuum-processed MHP absorbers. Finally, we probe nano-scale inhomogeneities in 20 nm thick co-evaporated MHP films grown on reference, CsCl seeded and substrate washed with ethanol, revealing inhomogeneous film formation and elevated cesium- and carbon-rich domains deficient in iodine and lead. Residual CsCl forms islands that facilitate early perovskite phase formation, as confirmed by cathodoluminescence measurements. These findings highlight the complex growth dynamics of mixed-cation, mixed-halide co-evaporated MHPs and the crucial role of seed layer engineering in controlling nucleation pathways. Together, these results demonstrate that seed layer optimization and interface control are central to advancing co-evaporated MHPs toward scalable tandem applications. By linking nanoscale growth phenomena to macroscopic device performance, this work provides mechanistic insights and practical strategies for evidence-based optimization of buried interfaces in co-evaporation, ultimately advancing the pathway to industrial deployment of PSTs.","Der weltweit steigende Energiebedarf erfordert die schnelle Entwicklung hocheffizienter und skalierbarer Technologien für erneuerbare Energien. Perowskit–Silizium-Tandemsolarzellen (PSTs) haben kürzlich zertifizierte Wirkungsgrade von 34,9 % erreicht, womit sie das Effizienzlimit von Einfach-Solarzellen überschreiten und ihr industrielles Potenzial unterstreichen. Für eine großflächige Umsetzung sind skalierbare Abscheideverfahren für Metallhalogenid-Perowskite (MHPs) entscheidend. Unter diesen bietet die Ko-Verdampfung eine konforme Abdeckung auf texturiertem Silizium, lösungsmittelfreie Verarbeitung und präzise Schichtdickenkontrolle. Trotz dieser Vorteile liegt die Leistung von PSTs mit ko-verdampften MHP-Schichten derzeit noch unter der von PSTs aus modernsten lösemittelsbasierten Verfahren. Diese Dissertation adressiert die Herausforderungen des MHP-Wachstums durch Ko-Verdampfung durch die Entwicklung von Strategien zur kontrollierten Keimbildung und Grenzflächen-Optimierung. Zunächst untersuchen wir systematisch den Einfluss von PbI2-, PbCl2-, CsI- und CsCl-Saatlagen auf die Morphologie, Zusammensetzung und optoelektronischen Eigenschaften von ko-verdampften FA0.8Cs0.2PbI2.7Br0.3-Filmen. Während alle Saatlagen die Bandlückenvariabilität im Vergleich zu den Referenzproben reduzieren, fördern CsCl und CsI die Einbindung organischer Vorstufen, was zu großen Körnern und erhöhter Photolumineszenz führt. Im Gegensatz dazu verschlechtern PbI2 und PbCl2 die Filmmorphologie und die optoelektronische Qualität. CsCl erweist sich als optimale Saatlage und ermöglicht Filme mit der für PSTs angestrebten Bandlücke von ~1,68 eV. Einfach-Solarzellen mit CsCl erreichen einen Wirkungsgrad von 19,6% bei verbesserter Stabilität und zeigen CsCl als wirksames Werkzeug für reproduzierbare Filmqualität. Anschließend untersuchen wir den Einfluss von Inhomogenitäten in selbstorganisierten MeO-2PACz-Lochtransportschichten. Mit infraroter Streuungs-nahfeldoptischer Mikroskopie (IR s-SNOM) und erstmalig mit Röntgen-Photoemissions-Elektronenmikroskopie (XPEEM) im Nanomaßstab auf ultradünnen (5–20 nm) MHP-Schichten und verdeckten Grenzflächen zeigen wir, dass unzureichende MeO-2PACz-Abdeckung die Einbindung organischer Vorstufen behindert und die Bildung von PbI2 and Grenzflächen begünstigt. Diese Effekte sind besonders ausgeprägt auf texturiertem Silizium, wo sich MeO-2PACz in den Pyramidentälern ansammelt. Die Integration einer CsCl-Saatlage reduziert diese Inhomogenitäten, führt zu homogeneren Grenzflächen und unterdrückt PbI2-bildiung and Grenzflächen. In PSTs verbessert CsCl Füllfaktor und Leerlaufspannung und ermöglicht einen zertifizierten Tandem-Wirkungsgrad von 29,7 % – den bisher höchsten für vollständig vakuumprozessierte MHP-Absorber. Schließlich untersuchen wir Inhomogenitäten auf Nanoskala in 20 nm dicken ko-verdampften MHP-Filmen, die auf Referenzsubstraten, CsCl-Saatlagen und mit Ethanol gewaschenen Substraten abgeschieden wurden. Dabei zeigen sich inhomogene Filmstrukturen und erhöhte Cs- und C-reiche Domänen mit Iod- und Bleimangel. Restliches CsCl bildet Inseln, die die frühe Perowskitphasen-Bildung erleichtern, was durch Kathodolumineszenzmessungen bestätigt wird. Diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die komplexe Wachstumsdynamik von ko-verdampften, gemischt-kationischen und gemischt-halogenhaltigen MHPs sowie die zentrale Rolle des Saatlagen-Engineerings bei der Steuerung der Keimbildungspfade. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Saatlagen-Optimierung und Grenzflächenkontrolle entscheidend für den Fortschritt ko-verdampfter MHPs hin zu skalierbaren Tandemanwendungen sind. Durch die Verknüpfung von nanoskaligen Wachstumsphänomenen mit makroskopischer Geräteperformance liefert diese Arbeit sowohl mechanistische Einblicke als auch praxisnahe Strategien für eine evidenzbasierte Optimierung verborgener Grenzflächen in der Ko-Verdampfung – und ebnet so den Weg zur industriellen Umsetzung von PSTs."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/26895","https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-25728"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:rights.uri":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"dc:title":["Interface engineering and multi-modal characterization of co-evaporated metal halide perovskite films for efficient perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells"],"dc:type":["Doctoral Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:28:33Z"}