{"id":{"repo_id":"tu-berlin","oai_identifier":"oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/25947"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/tu-berlin/oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/25947","repository":{"repo_id":"tu-berlin","name":"Technische Universität Berlin","base_url":"https://api-depositonce.tu-berlin.de/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Design, analysis and implementation of a spoke-type motor with high-performance ferrite magnets for electric vehicle applications","abstract":"Over the past decades, rare-earth permanent magnet motors have been widely used in high-power applications such as electric vehicle propulsion motors due to their high energy density and efficiency. However, the high cost, unstable supply, and small reserves of rare-earth materials make the continued use of rare-earth motors expensive, risky, and unreliable. Therefore, finding alternative solutions for permanent magnet motors with less or no rare-earth materials has become a new research hotspot. With the significant improvement in the performance of ferrite magnets, permanent magnet motors with ferrite magnets instead of rare-earth magnets are becoming possible candidates for high-power applications and are receiving increasing attention. This thesis aims to design a synchronous motor with high-performance ferrite magnets to investigate the feasibility of using such as high-performance ferrite magnets as alternatives to the current mainstream rare-earth permanent magnets in electric vehicle traction applications. First, a comparison between motor layouts with conventional and high-performance ferrite magnets is made to investigate the influence of ferrite-magnet upgrading on motor performance. Then, a comparison between spoke-type IPMSM using high-performance ferrite magnets and V-shape IPMSM using rare-earth magnets is made to investigate the cost difference between two motors for the same torque and power output. Finally, different rotor layouts of spoke-type synchronous motors are compared regarding electromagnetic performance and mechanical reliability. The electromagnetic properties of all mentioned motor designs in terms of mechanical, anti-demagnetization, torque, and core losses are simulated by ANSYS finite element software. A prototype with a peak power of 50 kW is finally designed and manufactured. The mechanical and electromagnetic analysis of the final design is carried out. The selection and design of components such as shafts, connecting keys, and rotor position sensors are also introduced. Test benches are established for prototype testing. No-load, load, and short-circuit tests are performed, and the measurement results are used for validation of the simulations in this thesis.","abstract_html":"Over the past decades, rare-earth permanent magnet motors have been widely used in high-power applications such as electric vehicle propulsion motors due to their high energy density and efficiency. However, the high cost, unstable supply, and small reserves of rare-earth materials make the continued use of rare-earth motors expensive, risky, and unreliable. Therefore, finding alternative solutions for permanent magnet motors with less or no rare-earth materials has become a new research hotspot. With the significant improvement in the performance of ferrite magnets, permanent magnet motors with ferrite magnets instead of rare-earth magnets are becoming possible candidates for high-power applications and are receiving increasing attention. This thesis aims to design a synchronous motor with high-performance ferrite magnets to investigate the feasibility of using such as high-performance ferrite magnets as alternatives to the current mainstream rare-earth permanent magnets in electric vehicle traction applications. First, a comparison between motor layouts with conventional and high-performance ferrite magnets is made to investigate the influence of ferrite-magnet upgrading on motor performance. Then, a comparison between spoke-type IPMSM using high-performance ferrite magnets and V-shape IPMSM using rare-earth magnets is made to investigate the cost difference between two motors for the same torque and power output. Finally, different rotor layouts of spoke-type synchronous motors are compared regarding electromagnetic performance and mechanical reliability. The electromagnetic properties of all mentioned motor designs in terms of mechanical, anti-demagnetization, torque, and core losses are simulated by ANSYS finite element software. A prototype with a peak power of 50 kW is finally designed and manufactured. The mechanical and electromagnetic analysis of the final design is carried out. The selection and design of components such as shafts, connecting keys, and rotor position sensors are also introduced. Test benches are established for prototype testing. No-load, load, and short-circuit tests are performed, and the measurement results are used for validation of the simulations in this thesis.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Zhu, Shan"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Schäfer, Uwe"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025","date_published":"2025","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:28:40Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-24774"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-24774","href":"https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-24774","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/25947","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Schäfer, Uwe"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Zhu, Shan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-12-05T09:57:40Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-12-05T09:57:40Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Doctoral Thesis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/25947","https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-24774"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Over the past decades, rare-earth permanent magnet motors have been widely used in high-power applications such as electric vehicle propulsion motors due to their high energy density and efficiency. However, the high cost, unstable supply, and small reserves of rare-earth materials make the continued use of rare-earth motors expensive, risky, and unreliable. Therefore, finding alternative solutions for permanent magnet motors with less or no rare-earth materials has become a new research hotspot. With the significant improvement in the performance of ferrite magnets, permanent magnet motors with ferrite magnets instead of rare-earth magnets are becoming possible candidates for high-power applications and are receiving increasing attention. This thesis aims to design a synchronous motor with high-performance ferrite magnets to investigate the feasibility of using such as high-performance ferrite magnets as alternatives to the current mainstream rare-earth permanent magnets in electric vehicle traction applications. First, a comparison between motor layouts with conventional and high-performance ferrite magnets is made to investigate the influence of ferrite-magnet upgrading on motor performance. Then, a comparison between spoke-type IPMSM using high-performance ferrite magnets and V-shape IPMSM using rare-earth magnets is made to investigate the cost difference between two motors for the same torque and power output. Finally, different rotor layouts of spoke-type synchronous motors are compared regarding electromagnetic performance and mechanical reliability. The electromagnetic properties of all mentioned motor designs in terms of mechanical, anti-demagnetization, torque, and core losses are simulated by ANSYS finite element software. A prototype with a peak power of 50 kW is finally designed and manufactured. The mechanical and electromagnetic analysis of the final design is carried out. The selection and design of components such as shafts, connecting keys, and rotor position sensors are also introduced. Test benches are established for prototype testing. No-load, load, and short-circuit tests are performed, and the measurement results are used for validation of the simulations in this thesis.","In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden Seltenerd-Permanentmagnetmotoren aufgrund ihrer hohen Energiedichte und ihres hohen Wirkungsgrads häufig in Hochleistungsanwendungen wie z.B. in Antriebsmotoren für Elektrofahrzeuge eingesetzt. Die hohen Kosten, die instabile Versorgung und die geringen Reserven an Seltenerd-Materialien machen die weitergehende Verwendung von Seltenerd-Permanentmagnetmotoren jedoch teuer, riskant und unzuverlässig. Daher ist die Suche nach alternativen Lösungen für Permanentmagnetmotoren mit geringem oder ohne Seltenerdanteil zu einem neuen Forschungsschwerpunkt geworden. Da die Energiedichte von Ferritmagneten erheblich verbessert wurde, sind Permanentmagnetmotoren mit Ferritmagneten anstelle von Seltenerdmagneten zu möglichen Kandidaten für Hochleistungsanwendungen geworden und erhalten immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Synchronmotor mit vergrabenen Hochleistungs-Ferritmagneten zu entwerfen, um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Hochleistungs-Ferrit-magneten als Alternative zu den derzeit üblichen Seltenerdmagneten in Elektrofahrzeug-Traktionsanwendungen zu untersuchen. Zunächst wird ein Vergleich zwischen Motoren mit herkömmlichen und Hochleistungs-Ferritmagneten angestellt, um den Einfluss einer Ausrüstung mit Ferritmagneten auf die Motorleistung zu untersuchen. Danach wird ein Vergleich zwischen speichenförmigen IPMSM mit Hochleistungs-Ferritmagneten und V-förmigen IPMSM mit Seltenerdmagneten angestellt, um den Kostenunterschied der beiden Motoren bei gleichem Drehmoment und gleicher Leistung zu untersuchen. Schließlich werden verschiedene Rotorauslegungen von Synchronmotoren in Speichenbauweise unter dem Gesichtspunkt der elektromagnetischen Leistung und der mechanischen Zuverlässigkeit verglichen. Die elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften aller Motorkonstruktionen in Bezug auf Mechanik, Entmagnetisierung, Drehmoment und Eisenverluste werden mit der Finite-Elemente-Software ANSYS simuliert. Schließlich wird ein Prototyp mit einer Spitzenleistung von 50 kWentworfen und aufgebaut. Zunächst wird die mechanische und elektromagnetische Analyse des Prüflings durchgeführt. Danach werden die Auswahl und Konstruktion von Komponenten wie Wellen, Verbindungsfedern und Rotorpositionssensoren ebenfalls vorgestellt. Für die Prüfung des Prototyps werden Prüfstände eingerichtet. Es werden Leerlauf-, Lastund Kurzschlusstests durchgeführt, und die Messergebnisse werden zur Validierung der Simulationen in dieser Arbeit verwendet."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Design, analysis and implementation of a spoke-type motor with high-performance ferrite magnets for electric vehicle applications"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Schäfer, Uwe"],"dc:creator":["Zhu, Shan"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-12-05T09:57:40Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-12-05T09:57:40Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2025"],"dc:description.abstract":["Over the past decades, rare-earth permanent magnet motors have been widely used in high-power applications such as electric vehicle propulsion motors due to their high energy density and efficiency. However, the high cost, unstable supply, and small reserves of rare-earth materials make the continued use of rare-earth motors expensive, risky, and unreliable. Therefore, finding alternative solutions for permanent magnet motors with less or no rare-earth materials has become a new research hotspot. With the significant improvement in the performance of ferrite magnets, permanent magnet motors with ferrite magnets instead of rare-earth magnets are becoming possible candidates for high-power applications and are receiving increasing attention. This thesis aims to design a synchronous motor with high-performance ferrite magnets to investigate the feasibility of using such as high-performance ferrite magnets as alternatives to the current mainstream rare-earth permanent magnets in electric vehicle traction applications. First, a comparison between motor layouts with conventional and high-performance ferrite magnets is made to investigate the influence of ferrite-magnet upgrading on motor performance. Then, a comparison between spoke-type IPMSM using high-performance ferrite magnets and V-shape IPMSM using rare-earth magnets is made to investigate the cost difference between two motors for the same torque and power output. Finally, different rotor layouts of spoke-type synchronous motors are compared regarding electromagnetic performance and mechanical reliability. The electromagnetic properties of all mentioned motor designs in terms of mechanical, anti-demagnetization, torque, and core losses are simulated by ANSYS finite element software. A prototype with a peak power of 50 kW is finally designed and manufactured. The mechanical and electromagnetic analysis of the final design is carried out. The selection and design of components such as shafts, connecting keys, and rotor position sensors are also introduced. Test benches are established for prototype testing. No-load, load, and short-circuit tests are performed, and the measurement results are used for validation of the simulations in this thesis.","In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden Seltenerd-Permanentmagnetmotoren aufgrund ihrer hohen Energiedichte und ihres hohen Wirkungsgrads häufig in Hochleistungsanwendungen wie z.B. in Antriebsmotoren für Elektrofahrzeuge eingesetzt. Die hohen Kosten, die instabile Versorgung und die geringen Reserven an Seltenerd-Materialien machen die weitergehende Verwendung von Seltenerd-Permanentmagnetmotoren jedoch teuer, riskant und unzuverlässig. Daher ist die Suche nach alternativen Lösungen für Permanentmagnetmotoren mit geringem oder ohne Seltenerdanteil zu einem neuen Forschungsschwerpunkt geworden. Da die Energiedichte von Ferritmagneten erheblich verbessert wurde, sind Permanentmagnetmotoren mit Ferritmagneten anstelle von Seltenerdmagneten zu möglichen Kandidaten für Hochleistungsanwendungen geworden und erhalten immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Synchronmotor mit vergrabenen Hochleistungs-Ferritmagneten zu entwerfen, um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Hochleistungs-Ferrit-magneten als Alternative zu den derzeit üblichen Seltenerdmagneten in Elektrofahrzeug-Traktionsanwendungen zu untersuchen. Zunächst wird ein Vergleich zwischen Motoren mit herkömmlichen und Hochleistungs-Ferritmagneten angestellt, um den Einfluss einer Ausrüstung mit Ferritmagneten auf die Motorleistung zu untersuchen. Danach wird ein Vergleich zwischen speichenförmigen IPMSM mit Hochleistungs-Ferritmagneten und V-förmigen IPMSM mit Seltenerdmagneten angestellt, um den Kostenunterschied der beiden Motoren bei gleichem Drehmoment und gleicher Leistung zu untersuchen. Schließlich werden verschiedene Rotorauslegungen von Synchronmotoren in Speichenbauweise unter dem Gesichtspunkt der elektromagnetischen Leistung und der mechanischen Zuverlässigkeit verglichen. Die elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften aller Motorkonstruktionen in Bezug auf Mechanik, Entmagnetisierung, Drehmoment und Eisenverluste werden mit der Finite-Elemente-Software ANSYS simuliert. Schließlich wird ein Prototyp mit einer Spitzenleistung von 50 kWentworfen und aufgebaut. Zunächst wird die mechanische und elektromagnetische Analyse des Prüflings durchgeführt. Danach werden die Auswahl und Konstruktion von Komponenten wie Wellen, Verbindungsfedern und Rotorpositionssensoren ebenfalls vorgestellt. Für die Prüfung des Prototyps werden Prüfstände eingerichtet. Es werden Leerlauf-, Lastund Kurzschlusstests durchgeführt, und die Messergebnisse werden zur Validierung der Simulationen in dieser Arbeit verwendet."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/25947","https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-24774"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:rights.uri":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"dc:title":["Design, analysis and implementation of a spoke-type motor with high-performance ferrite magnets for electric vehicle applications"],"dc:type":["Doctoral Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:28:40Z"}