{"id":{"repo_id":"tu-berlin","oai_identifier":"oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/22612"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/tu-berlin/oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/22612","repository":{"repo_id":"tu-berlin","name":"Technische Universität Berlin","base_url":"https://api-depositonce.tu-berlin.de/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Characterization of liquid crystal on silicon SLMs for in-situ Raman imaging for quality control of processed lunar regolith","abstract":"In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) will be of great importance for future space missions. Some mission projects will only be possible through the integration of resources gathered during the mission. The use of lunar regolith as a construction and shielding material is particularly important in this context. Sintering or 3D printing of the material is one option. As a contribution to in-situ quality control, this research proposes to realize spatial scanning of a processed regolith material using Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) as spatial light modulators for laser spectroscopy. These spatial light modulators use liquid crystal technology for their design. Unlike mechanical scanners, it has no moving parts subject to failure from shock and vibration. To extend the capabilities of a Raman spectrometer from point measurements to scanning a target surface to evaluate material properties, point mapping, a scanning of the surface with the focused laser, is an essential technology. Focusing and steering a laser for Raman spectroscopy is possible by using Fresnel zone plates (FZP) superimposed by phase gradients mapped on the LCoS, which is an analytically computable and well understood method. In the presented work, a characterization and modelling of a LCoS is carried out with respect to the requirements of this application. Due to the optical properties of LCoS, optical and electrical anisotropy, it can manipulate the phase, amplitude or polarization of optical waves by a controllable birefringence effect. Because of this and the expected robustness against typical space conditions, a large number of further space related application options arise. To assess the suitability for use and the required operational framework, the relevant parameters on the device side and those driven by the mission and measurement problem were identified and represented in a digital optical functional model. The resulting laser spot shape for Raman spectroscopy and the calculated power density were evaluated as target metrics. The digital optical model was integrated into a wavefront simulation using the Angular Spectrum Method (ASM). The model was verified using an analog optical laboratory setup. By combining results from the model and Raman measurements on vitrified regolith simulant material (LRS), a mission envelope of a sample area with a minimum SNR of the Raman measurement could be determined for a realistic scenario. An analysis of the surface using Raman imaging was performed to detect and map in two dimensions the expected mineral classes and an expected sintering classification of the material.","abstract_html":"In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) will be of great importance for future space missions. Some mission projects will only be possible through the integration of resources gathered during the mission. The use of lunar regolith as a construction and shielding material is particularly important in this context. Sintering or 3D printing of the material is one option. As a contribution to in-situ quality control, this research proposes to realize spatial scanning of a processed regolith material using Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) as spatial light modulators for laser spectroscopy. These spatial light modulators use liquid crystal technology for their design. Unlike mechanical scanners, it has no moving parts subject to failure from shock and vibration. To extend the capabilities of a Raman spectrometer from point measurements to scanning a target surface to evaluate material properties, point mapping, a scanning of the surface with the focused laser, is an essential technology. Focusing and steering a laser for Raman spectroscopy is possible by using Fresnel zone plates (FZP) superimposed by phase gradients mapped on the LCoS, which is an analytically computable and well understood method. In the presented work, a characterization and modelling of a LCoS is carried out with respect to the requirements of this application. Due to the optical properties of LCoS, optical and electrical anisotropy, it can manipulate the phase, amplitude or polarization of optical waves by a controllable birefringence effect. Because of this and the expected robustness against typical space conditions, a large number of further space related application options arise. To assess the suitability for use and the required operational framework, the relevant parameters on the device side and those driven by the mission and measurement problem were identified and represented in a digital optical functional model. The resulting laser spot shape for Raman spectroscopy and the calculated power density were evaluated as target metrics. The digital optical model was integrated into a wavefront simulation using the Angular Spectrum Method (ASM). The model was verified using an analog optical laboratory setup. By combining results from the model and Raman measurements on vitrified regolith simulant material (LRS), a mission envelope of a sample area with a minimum SNR of the Raman measurement could be determined for a realistic scenario. An analysis of the surface using Raman imaging was performed to detect and map in two dimensions the expected mineral classes and an expected sintering classification of the material.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ritter, Sebastian"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Stoll, Enrico"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024","date_published":"2024","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:28:24Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-21413"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-21413","href":"https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-21413","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/22612","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Stoll, Enrico"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ritter, Sebastian"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-10-09T13:07:55Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-10-09T13:07:55Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Doctoral Thesis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/22612","https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-21413"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) will be of great importance for future space missions. Some mission projects will only be possible through the integration of resources gathered during the mission. The use of lunar regolith as a construction and shielding material is particularly important in this context. Sintering or 3D printing of the material is one option. As a contribution to in-situ quality control, this research proposes to realize spatial scanning of a processed regolith material using Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) as spatial light modulators for laser spectroscopy. These spatial light modulators use liquid crystal technology for their design. Unlike mechanical scanners, it has no moving parts subject to failure from shock and vibration. To extend the capabilities of a Raman spectrometer from point measurements to scanning a target surface to evaluate material properties, point mapping, a scanning of the surface with the focused laser, is an essential technology. Focusing and steering a laser for Raman spectroscopy is possible by using Fresnel zone plates (FZP) superimposed by phase gradients mapped on the LCoS, which is an analytically computable and well understood method. In the presented work, a characterization and modelling of a LCoS is carried out with respect to the requirements of this application. Due to the optical properties of LCoS, optical and electrical anisotropy, it can manipulate the phase, amplitude or polarization of optical waves by a controllable birefringence effect. Because of this and the expected robustness against typical space conditions, a large number of further space related application options arise. To assess the suitability for use and the required operational framework, the relevant parameters on the device side and those driven by the mission and measurement problem were identified and represented in a digital optical functional model. The resulting laser spot shape for Raman spectroscopy and the calculated power density were evaluated as target metrics. The digital optical model was integrated into a wavefront simulation using the Angular Spectrum Method (ASM). The model was verified using an analog optical laboratory setup. By combining results from the model and Raman measurements on vitrified regolith simulant material (LRS), a mission envelope of a sample area with a minimum SNR of the Raman measurement could be determined for a realistic scenario. An analysis of the surface using Raman imaging was performed to detect and map in two dimensions the expected mineral classes and an expected sintering classification of the material.","Die In-situ-Ressourcennutzung (ISRU) wird für zukünftige Raumfahrtmissionen von großer Bedeutung sein. Einige Missionsprojekte werden nur durch die Integration von Ressourcen, die während der Mission gewonnen werden, möglich sein. Die Verwendung von lunarem Regolith als Bau- und Abschirmmaterial ist in diesem Zusammenhang von besonderer Bedeutung. Das Sintern oder 3D-Drucken des Materials ist eine Option. Als Beitrag zur In-situ Qualitätskontrolle wird in dieser Forschungsarbeit vorgeschlagen, eine räumliche Abtastung des verarbeiteten Regolithmaterials mit Hilfe von Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) als räumliche Lichtmodulatoren für die Laserspektroskopie zu realisieren. Diese Elemente basieren auf der Flüssigkristalltechnologie. Im Gegensatz zu mechanischen Scannern besitzen sie keine beweglichen Teile, die durch Stöße und Vibrationen beschädigt werden können. Um die Möglichkeiten eines Raman-Spektrometers von der Punktmessung auf die Abtastung einer Zieloberfläche zur Bewertung von Materialeigenschaften zu erweitern, ist das Point Mapping, das Abtasten der Oberfläche mit einem fokussierten Laser, eine zentrale Technologie. Die Fokussierung und Steuerung eines Lasers für die Raman-Spektroskopie ist mit Hilfe von Fresnel-Zonenplatten (FZP) möglich, die von Phasengradienten überlagert werden, die auf dem LCoS abgebildet werden, was eine analytisch berechenbare und gut verstandene Methode darstellt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Charakterisierung und Modellierung eines LCoS im Hinblick auf die Anforderungen dieser Anwendung durchgeführt. Aufgrund der Eigenschaften von LCoS, der optischen und elektrischen Anisotropie, kann es die Phase, Amplitude oder Polarisation von optischen Wellen durch einen steuerbaren Doppelbrechungseffekt modifizieren. Daraus und aus der erwarteten Robustheit gegenüber typischen Weltraumbedingungen ergeben sich eine Vielzahl weiterer weltraumbezogener Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Zur Beurteilung der Einsatzfähigkeit und der erforderlichen Rahmenbedingungen wurden die relevanten geräteseitigen und die durch das Missions- und Messproblem getriebenen Parameter identifiziert und in einem digitalen optischen Funktionsmodell dargestellt. Die resultierende Laserspotform für die Raman-Spektroskopie und die berechnete Leistungsdichte wurden als Zielgrößen bewertet. Das digitale optische Modell wurde in eine Wellenfrontsimulation mit der Angular Spectrum Method (ASM) integriert und wurde mit einem analogen optischen Laboraufbau verifiziert. Durch die Kombination von Ergebnissen aus dem Modell und Raman-Messungen an verglastem Regolith-Simulantmaterial (LRS) konnte für ein realistisches Szenario eine Missionshüllkurve eines Messbereichs mit einem minimalen SNR der Raman-Messung bestimmt werden. Eine Analyse der Oberfläche mit Hilfe der Raman-Bildgebung wurde durchgeführt, um die erwarteten Mineralklassen und eine erwartete Sinterungsklassifizierung zu bestimmen und in zwei Dimensionen abzubilden."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Characterization of liquid crystal on silicon SLMs for in-situ Raman imaging for quality control of processed lunar regolith"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Stoll, Enrico"],"dc:creator":["Ritter, Sebastian"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-10-09T13:07:55Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-10-09T13:07:55Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024"],"dc:description.abstract":["In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) will be of great importance for future space missions. Some mission projects will only be possible through the integration of resources gathered during the mission. The use of lunar regolith as a construction and shielding material is particularly important in this context. Sintering or 3D printing of the material is one option. As a contribution to in-situ quality control, this research proposes to realize spatial scanning of a processed regolith material using Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) as spatial light modulators for laser spectroscopy. These spatial light modulators use liquid crystal technology for their design. Unlike mechanical scanners, it has no moving parts subject to failure from shock and vibration. To extend the capabilities of a Raman spectrometer from point measurements to scanning a target surface to evaluate material properties, point mapping, a scanning of the surface with the focused laser, is an essential technology. Focusing and steering a laser for Raman spectroscopy is possible by using Fresnel zone plates (FZP) superimposed by phase gradients mapped on the LCoS, which is an analytically computable and well understood method. In the presented work, a characterization and modelling of a LCoS is carried out with respect to the requirements of this application. Due to the optical properties of LCoS, optical and electrical anisotropy, it can manipulate the phase, amplitude or polarization of optical waves by a controllable birefringence effect. Because of this and the expected robustness against typical space conditions, a large number of further space related application options arise. To assess the suitability for use and the required operational framework, the relevant parameters on the device side and those driven by the mission and measurement problem were identified and represented in a digital optical functional model. The resulting laser spot shape for Raman spectroscopy and the calculated power density were evaluated as target metrics. The digital optical model was integrated into a wavefront simulation using the Angular Spectrum Method (ASM). The model was verified using an analog optical laboratory setup. By combining results from the model and Raman measurements on vitrified regolith simulant material (LRS), a mission envelope of a sample area with a minimum SNR of the Raman measurement could be determined for a realistic scenario. An analysis of the surface using Raman imaging was performed to detect and map in two dimensions the expected mineral classes and an expected sintering classification of the material.","Die In-situ-Ressourcennutzung (ISRU) wird für zukünftige Raumfahrtmissionen von großer Bedeutung sein. Einige Missionsprojekte werden nur durch die Integration von Ressourcen, die während der Mission gewonnen werden, möglich sein. Die Verwendung von lunarem Regolith als Bau- und Abschirmmaterial ist in diesem Zusammenhang von besonderer Bedeutung. Das Sintern oder 3D-Drucken des Materials ist eine Option. Als Beitrag zur In-situ Qualitätskontrolle wird in dieser Forschungsarbeit vorgeschlagen, eine räumliche Abtastung des verarbeiteten Regolithmaterials mit Hilfe von Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) als räumliche Lichtmodulatoren für die Laserspektroskopie zu realisieren. Diese Elemente basieren auf der Flüssigkristalltechnologie. Im Gegensatz zu mechanischen Scannern besitzen sie keine beweglichen Teile, die durch Stöße und Vibrationen beschädigt werden können. Um die Möglichkeiten eines Raman-Spektrometers von der Punktmessung auf die Abtastung einer Zieloberfläche zur Bewertung von Materialeigenschaften zu erweitern, ist das Point Mapping, das Abtasten der Oberfläche mit einem fokussierten Laser, eine zentrale Technologie. Die Fokussierung und Steuerung eines Lasers für die Raman-Spektroskopie ist mit Hilfe von Fresnel-Zonenplatten (FZP) möglich, die von Phasengradienten überlagert werden, die auf dem LCoS abgebildet werden, was eine analytisch berechenbare und gut verstandene Methode darstellt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Charakterisierung und Modellierung eines LCoS im Hinblick auf die Anforderungen dieser Anwendung durchgeführt. Aufgrund der Eigenschaften von LCoS, der optischen und elektrischen Anisotropie, kann es die Phase, Amplitude oder Polarisation von optischen Wellen durch einen steuerbaren Doppelbrechungseffekt modifizieren. Daraus und aus der erwarteten Robustheit gegenüber typischen Weltraumbedingungen ergeben sich eine Vielzahl weiterer weltraumbezogener Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Zur Beurteilung der Einsatzfähigkeit und der erforderlichen Rahmenbedingungen wurden die relevanten geräteseitigen und die durch das Missions- und Messproblem getriebenen Parameter identifiziert und in einem digitalen optischen Funktionsmodell dargestellt. Die resultierende Laserspotform für die Raman-Spektroskopie und die berechnete Leistungsdichte wurden als Zielgrößen bewertet. Das digitale optische Modell wurde in eine Wellenfrontsimulation mit der Angular Spectrum Method (ASM) integriert und wurde mit einem analogen optischen Laboraufbau verifiziert. Durch die Kombination von Ergebnissen aus dem Modell und Raman-Messungen an verglastem Regolith-Simulantmaterial (LRS) konnte für ein realistisches Szenario eine Missionshüllkurve eines Messbereichs mit einem minimalen SNR der Raman-Messung bestimmt werden. Eine Analyse der Oberfläche mit Hilfe der Raman-Bildgebung wurde durchgeführt, um die erwarteten Mineralklassen und eine erwartete Sinterungsklassifizierung zu bestimmen und in zwei Dimensionen abzubilden."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/22612","https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-21413"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:rights.uri":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"dc:title":["Characterization of liquid crystal on silicon SLMs for in-situ Raman imaging for quality control of processed lunar regolith"],"dc:type":["Doctoral Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:28:24Z"}