{"id":{"repo_id":"tu-berlin","oai_identifier":"oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/21555"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/tu-berlin/oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/21555","repository":{"repo_id":"tu-berlin","name":"Technische Universität Berlin","base_url":"https://api-depositonce.tu-berlin.de/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Advancing inorganic perovskite solar cells for application in tandem architectures","abstract":"Silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells have remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and can contribute to the rapid transition towards renewable energy sources. While inorganic perovskite solar cells show superior temperature stability as compared to organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells, they have lower PCEs and lower open-circuit voltages (VOC), i.e. a higher voltage loss. In addition, a strong hysteresis in current density-voltage measurements is common and results in a reduced stabilised power output. This thesis investigates the reasons for this and presents solutions for the higher voltage loss and hysteresis in inorganic perovskite solar cells. By conducting intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements on perovskite layers with and without each charge-selective transport layer (CTL), the contribution of each interface to the voltage loss could be quantified. This allowed for a targeted improvement of the limiting interface. For p-i-n CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells, a lithium fluoride interlayer between the perovskite and the CTL C60 improved the energy level alignment and decreased the defect density at the interface. Even though the VOC was improved by 110mV, a strong mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and VOC remained. The perovskite/C60 interface was also found to limit the efficiency of p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells. A surface treatment of the perovskite layer using 1,4-butanediamine (DAB) improved this interface, removing the QFLS−e ·VOC mismatch. In combination with a passivation layer consisting of the fluorinated sodium molecule F-Na, the limitation of the perovskite/C60 interface could be overcome, and the VOC and fill factor could be substantially increased. These targeted improvements resulted in p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells with a PCE of 20.05%. A comparative loss analysis showed that the voltage loss is almost as low as in state-of-the-art triple-cation perovskite solar cells, but the perovskite/C60 interface needs further improvement. Measurements on CsPbI2Br and DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells revealed one order of magnitude higher ion densities and one to two orders of magnitude lower mobilities than in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Mobile ions were found to decrease the PCE, most likely by accumulating at the interfaces, screening the internal field and therefore increasing non-radiative recombination. Even though the ion densities were similar, this decrease in PCE was lower in DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells as compared to CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. This suggests that the more effective interface passivation in DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells can decrease the non-radiative recombination at the interface even at high ion densities, resulting in a lower hysteresis. These results addressed the main challenges for inorganic perovskite solar cells and presented new potential top cells for silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells.","abstract_html":"Silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells have remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and can contribute to the rapid transition towards renewable energy sources. While inorganic perovskite solar cells show superior temperature stability as compared to organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells, they have lower PCEs and lower open-circuit voltages (VOC), i.e. a higher voltage loss. In addition, a strong hysteresis in current density-voltage measurements is common and results in a reduced stabilised power output. This thesis investigates the reasons for this and presents solutions for the higher voltage loss and hysteresis in inorganic perovskite solar cells. By conducting intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements on perovskite layers with and without each charge-selective transport layer (CTL), the contribution of each interface to the voltage loss could be quantified. This allowed for a targeted improvement of the limiting interface. For p-i-n CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells, a lithium fluoride interlayer between the perovskite and the CTL C60 improved the energy level alignment and decreased the defect density at the interface. Even though the VOC was improved by 110mV, a strong mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and VOC remained. The perovskite/C60 interface was also found to limit the efficiency of p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells. A surface treatment of the perovskite layer using 1,4-butanediamine (DAB) improved this interface, removing the QFLS−e ·VOC mismatch. In combination with a passivation layer consisting of the fluorinated sodium molecule F-Na, the limitation of the perovskite/C60 interface could be overcome, and the VOC and fill factor could be substantially increased. These targeted improvements resulted in p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells with a PCE of 20.05%. A comparative loss analysis showed that the voltage loss is almost as low as in state-of-the-art triple-cation perovskite solar cells, but the perovskite/C60 interface needs further improvement. Measurements on CsPbI2Br and DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells revealed one order of magnitude higher ion densities and one to two orders of magnitude lower mobilities than in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Mobile ions were found to decrease the PCE, most likely by accumulating at the interfaces, screening the internal field and therefore increasing non-radiative recombination. Even though the ion densities were similar, this decrease in PCE was lower in DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells as compared to CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. This suggests that the more effective interface passivation in DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells can decrease the non-radiative recombination at the interface even at high ion densities, resulting in a lower hysteresis. These results addressed the main challenges for inorganic perovskite solar cells and presented new potential top cells for silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Grischek, Max"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Albrecht, Steve"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024","date_published":"2024","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:28:35Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-20355"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-20355","href":"https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-20355","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/21555","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Albrecht, Steve"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Grischek, Max"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-05-06T11:56:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-05-06T11:56:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Doctoral Thesis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/21555","https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-20355"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells have remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and can contribute to the rapid transition towards renewable energy sources. While inorganic perovskite solar cells show superior temperature stability as compared to organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells, they have lower PCEs and lower open-circuit voltages (VOC), i.e. a higher voltage loss. In addition, a strong hysteresis in current density-voltage measurements is common and results in a reduced stabilised power output. This thesis investigates the reasons for this and presents solutions for the higher voltage loss and hysteresis in inorganic perovskite solar cells. By conducting intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements on perovskite layers with and without each charge-selective transport layer (CTL), the contribution of each interface to the voltage loss could be quantified. This allowed for a targeted improvement of the limiting interface. For p-i-n CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells, a lithium fluoride interlayer between the perovskite and the CTL C60 improved the energy level alignment and decreased the defect density at the interface. Even though the VOC was improved by 110mV, a strong mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and VOC remained. The perovskite/C60 interface was also found to limit the efficiency of p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells. A surface treatment of the perovskite layer using 1,4-butanediamine (DAB) improved this interface, removing the QFLS−e ·VOC mismatch. In combination with a passivation layer consisting of the fluorinated sodium molecule F-Na, the limitation of the perovskite/C60 interface could be overcome, and the VOC and fill factor could be substantially increased. These targeted improvements resulted in p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells with a PCE of 20.05%. A comparative loss analysis showed that the voltage loss is almost as low as in state-of-the-art triple-cation perovskite solar cells, but the perovskite/C60 interface needs further improvement. Measurements on CsPbI2Br and DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells revealed one order of magnitude higher ion densities and one to two orders of magnitude lower mobilities than in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Mobile ions were found to decrease the PCE, most likely by accumulating at the interfaces, screening the internal field and therefore increasing non-radiative recombination. Even though the ion densities were similar, this decrease in PCE was lower in DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells as compared to CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. This suggests that the more effective interface passivation in DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells can decrease the non-radiative recombination at the interface even at high ion densities, resulting in a lower hysteresis. These results addressed the main challenges for inorganic perovskite solar cells and presented new potential top cells for silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells.","Silizium-Perowskit-Tandemsolarzellen erzielen bemerkenswerteWirkungsgrade (PCEs) und können einen Beitrag zu einer schnellen Energiewende leisten. Anorganische Perowskit-Solarzellen sind temperaturstabiler als organisch-anorganische Perowskit-Solarzellen, haben aber niedrigere PCEs und niedrigere Leerlaufspannungen (VOC), d.h. einen höheren Spannungsverlust. Außerdem weisen sie oft eine starke Hysterese in Stromdichte-Spannungs-Messungen auf, was zu einer geringeren stabilisierten Leistung führt. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Gründe und präsentiert Lösungen für den höheren Spannungsverlust und die Hysterese in anorganischen Perowskit-Solarzellen. Intensitätsabhängige Photolumineszenz- (PL-) Messungen an Perowskitschichten mit und ohne ladungsselektiven Transportschichten (CTL) konnten den Beitrag jeder Grenzfläche zum Spannungsverlust quantifizieren. Dadurch konnten die limitierenden Grenzflächen gezielt verbessert werden. In p-i-n CsPbI2Br-Solarzellen verbesserte eine Lithiumfluorid-Zwischenschicht zwischen dem Perowskit und dem CTL C60 die Lage der Energieniveaus und verringerte die Defektdichte an der Grenzfläche. Obwohl der VOC um 110mV erhöht wurde, blieb eine große Differenz zwischen Quasi-Fermi-Niveau-Aufspaltung (QFLS) und VOC bestehen. Die Perowskit/C60-Grenzfläche limitiert auch die Effizienz von p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen. Eine Oberflächenbehandlung der Perowskitschicht mit 1,4-Butandiamin (DAB) verbesserte diese Grenzfläche und beseitigte die QFLS−e ·VOC-Differenz. In Kombination mit einer Passivierungsschicht aus dem fluorierten Natriummolekül F-Na konnte die Limitierung durch die Perowskit/C60-Grenzfläche überwunden und der VOC und Füllfaktor wesentlich erhöht werden. Diese gezielten Verbesserungen führten zu p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen mit einem PCE von 20.05 %. Eine vergleichende Verlustanalyse zeigte einen annähernd so geringen Spannungsverlust wie in hocheffizienten Dreifachkationen-Perowskit-Solarzellen, aber Verbesserungspotential für die Perowskit/C60-Grenzfläche. Messungen an CsPbI2Br- und DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen zeigten um eine Größenordnung höhere Ionendichten und um ein bis zwei Größenordnungen geringere Mobilitäten als in organisch-anorganische Perowskit-Solarzellen. Außerdem verringerten mobile Ionen den PCE, höchstwahrscheinlich indem sie sich an den Grenzflächen konzentrieren, das interne Feld abschirmen und somit die nichtstrahlende Rekombination erhöhen. Trotz ähnlicher Ionendichten war dieser PCE-Verlust bei DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen geringer als bei CsPbI2Br-Solarzellen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die effektivere Grenzflächenpassivierung in DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen die nichtstrahlende Rekombination an der Grenzfläche selbst bei hohen Ionendichten verringern kann, was zu einer geringeren Hysterese führt. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen sowohl Lösungsstrategien für die wichtigsten Herausforderungen für anorganische Perowskit-Solarzellen als auch neue potenzielle Topzellen für Silizium-Perowskit-Tandemsolarzellen."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Advancing inorganic perovskite solar cells for application in tandem architectures"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Albrecht, Steve"],"dc:creator":["Grischek, Max"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-05-06T11:56:22Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-05-06T11:56:22Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024"],"dc:description.abstract":["Silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells have remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and can contribute to the rapid transition towards renewable energy sources. While inorganic perovskite solar cells show superior temperature stability as compared to organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells, they have lower PCEs and lower open-circuit voltages (VOC), i.e. a higher voltage loss. In addition, a strong hysteresis in current density-voltage measurements is common and results in a reduced stabilised power output. This thesis investigates the reasons for this and presents solutions for the higher voltage loss and hysteresis in inorganic perovskite solar cells. By conducting intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements on perovskite layers with and without each charge-selective transport layer (CTL), the contribution of each interface to the voltage loss could be quantified. This allowed for a targeted improvement of the limiting interface. For p-i-n CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells, a lithium fluoride interlayer between the perovskite and the CTL C60 improved the energy level alignment and decreased the defect density at the interface. Even though the VOC was improved by 110mV, a strong mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and VOC remained. The perovskite/C60 interface was also found to limit the efficiency of p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells. A surface treatment of the perovskite layer using 1,4-butanediamine (DAB) improved this interface, removing the QFLS−e ·VOC mismatch. In combination with a passivation layer consisting of the fluorinated sodium molecule F-Na, the limitation of the perovskite/C60 interface could be overcome, and the VOC and fill factor could be substantially increased. These targeted improvements resulted in p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells with a PCE of 20.05%. A comparative loss analysis showed that the voltage loss is almost as low as in state-of-the-art triple-cation perovskite solar cells, but the perovskite/C60 interface needs further improvement. Measurements on CsPbI2Br and DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells revealed one order of magnitude higher ion densities and one to two orders of magnitude lower mobilities than in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Mobile ions were found to decrease the PCE, most likely by accumulating at the interfaces, screening the internal field and therefore increasing non-radiative recombination. Even though the ion densities were similar, this decrease in PCE was lower in DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells as compared to CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. This suggests that the more effective interface passivation in DMAI-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells can decrease the non-radiative recombination at the interface even at high ion densities, resulting in a lower hysteresis. These results addressed the main challenges for inorganic perovskite solar cells and presented new potential top cells for silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells.","Silizium-Perowskit-Tandemsolarzellen erzielen bemerkenswerteWirkungsgrade (PCEs) und können einen Beitrag zu einer schnellen Energiewende leisten. Anorganische Perowskit-Solarzellen sind temperaturstabiler als organisch-anorganische Perowskit-Solarzellen, haben aber niedrigere PCEs und niedrigere Leerlaufspannungen (VOC), d.h. einen höheren Spannungsverlust. Außerdem weisen sie oft eine starke Hysterese in Stromdichte-Spannungs-Messungen auf, was zu einer geringeren stabilisierten Leistung führt. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Gründe und präsentiert Lösungen für den höheren Spannungsverlust und die Hysterese in anorganischen Perowskit-Solarzellen. Intensitätsabhängige Photolumineszenz- (PL-) Messungen an Perowskitschichten mit und ohne ladungsselektiven Transportschichten (CTL) konnten den Beitrag jeder Grenzfläche zum Spannungsverlust quantifizieren. Dadurch konnten die limitierenden Grenzflächen gezielt verbessert werden. In p-i-n CsPbI2Br-Solarzellen verbesserte eine Lithiumfluorid-Zwischenschicht zwischen dem Perowskit und dem CTL C60 die Lage der Energieniveaus und verringerte die Defektdichte an der Grenzfläche. Obwohl der VOC um 110mV erhöht wurde, blieb eine große Differenz zwischen Quasi-Fermi-Niveau-Aufspaltung (QFLS) und VOC bestehen. Die Perowskit/C60-Grenzfläche limitiert auch die Effizienz von p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen. Eine Oberflächenbehandlung der Perowskitschicht mit 1,4-Butandiamin (DAB) verbesserte diese Grenzfläche und beseitigte die QFLS−e ·VOC-Differenz. In Kombination mit einer Passivierungsschicht aus dem fluorierten Natriummolekül F-Na konnte die Limitierung durch die Perowskit/C60-Grenzfläche überwunden und der VOC und Füllfaktor wesentlich erhöht werden. Diese gezielten Verbesserungen führten zu p-i-n DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen mit einem PCE von 20.05 %. Eine vergleichende Verlustanalyse zeigte einen annähernd so geringen Spannungsverlust wie in hocheffizienten Dreifachkationen-Perowskit-Solarzellen, aber Verbesserungspotential für die Perowskit/C60-Grenzfläche. Messungen an CsPbI2Br- und DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen zeigten um eine Größenordnung höhere Ionendichten und um ein bis zwei Größenordnungen geringere Mobilitäten als in organisch-anorganische Perowskit-Solarzellen. Außerdem verringerten mobile Ionen den PCE, höchstwahrscheinlich indem sie sich an den Grenzflächen konzentrieren, das interne Feld abschirmen und somit die nichtstrahlende Rekombination erhöhen. Trotz ähnlicher Ionendichten war dieser PCE-Verlust bei DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen geringer als bei CsPbI2Br-Solarzellen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die effektivere Grenzflächenpassivierung in DMAI-CsPbI3-Solarzellen die nichtstrahlende Rekombination an der Grenzfläche selbst bei hohen Ionendichten verringern kann, was zu einer geringeren Hysterese führt. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen sowohl Lösungsstrategien für die wichtigsten Herausforderungen für anorganische Perowskit-Solarzellen als auch neue potenzielle Topzellen für Silizium-Perowskit-Tandemsolarzellen."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/21555","https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-20355"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:rights.uri":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"dc:title":["Advancing inorganic perovskite solar cells for application in tandem architectures"],"dc:type":["Doctoral Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:28:35Z"}