Maritime surveillance with small satellites

Maritime surveillance is one of the interesting topics nowadays. Monitoring of the ocean and the exclusive economic zone are a prevalent task for many countries. One of the crucial tasks is to make surveillance of the ship traffic and their activities in the ocean. Maritime surveillance usually uses a cooperative and non-cooperative surveillance system. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a necessary tool regulated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) that should be implemented by several types of ships for maritime safety. Monitoring AIS from the satellite close the gap between AIS that operate in coastal and open seas. However, the surveillance with satellite also has a limitation since AIS as a cooperative surveillance system tends to be switched off intentionally during illegal activities in the ocean. Hence the non-cooperative surveillance system, i.e., radar or image from the satellite, is necessary. The primary research motivation is to examine how a small satellite like LAPAN-A2 and LAPAN-A3 that carries an AIS receiver and its optical camera involving in maritime surveillance. Those satellites are the first small satellite launched in 2015 and 2016, respectively, that carry AIS and optical camera onboard besides other payloads in equatorial and polar orbit. This work examined AIS performances from those satellites and creating probability detection due to the AIS signal collision or other interference globally. This work describes a solution to manage invalid AIS data received by satellite. AIS reception performance was also investigated by making several orientations of the onboard AIS antenna to get a better understanding of the AIS signal reception by the satellite in orbit. Several important maritime cases detected by those satellites in the Indonesian ocean, including typical spoofing and potentially illegal activity in the ocean, also describe in this work. The images from those satellites between digital high resolution and medium resolution multispectral cameras were also examined to get the image of the ship. The importance of the fusion of satellite image and AIS data simultaneously as a cooperative and non-cooperative surveillance system in near real-time by each LAPAN-A2 and LAPAN-A3 satellites, also discussed. Finally, further improvement learned from LAPAN-A2 and LAPAN-A3 can be used for LAPAN-A4 Satellite design, the successor of both satellites that also carry multispectral and AIS receiver. And it also valuable in designing implementation for future constellation satellites in an equatorial orbit.

Author dc:creator

• Hasbi, Wahyudi

Advisors dc:contributor.advisor

• Brieß, Klaus
• Renner, Udo

Licence dc:rights.uri

• https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Language dc:language.iso

en

Identifier URI

http://dx.doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-10703

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:depositonce.tu-berlin.de:11303/11813