{"id":{"repo_id":"texas-state","oai_identifier":"oai:digital.library.txst.edu:10877/21050"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/texas-state/oai:digital.library.txst.edu:10877/21050","repository":{"repo_id":"texas-state","name":"Texas State University","base_url":"https://digital.library.txst.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Creating a World in the Sand: A Pilot Study of Normative Data for Employing the Sand Tray as a Diagnostic Tool With Children","abstract":"This descriptive study was designed to evaluate the way in which children, normal children ages 9-10 approach and carry out the task of creating a ‘World’ in the sand tray. A clinical group comprised of abused and neglected children was evaluated to determine how they approached the task. Both groups were videotaped and the taped sessions were viewed and evaluated by trained raters. The final scenes were evaluated using a scoring protocol and the similarities and differences between the two groups were studied. The findings showed that non-clinical children ages 9-10 do demonstrate similar behaviors in approaching and carrying out the task of creating a World in the sand. Findings also indicated that 9 and 10 year olds create scenes that have similar characteristics that are likely related to their developmental stage. In comparing the process and completed scene of non-clinical children to those of clinical children, differences were seen implicating the use of sand tray as a diagnostic tool to be promising. Differences were also seen between boys and girls suggesting that gender differences do exist.","abstract_html":"This descriptive study was designed to evaluate the way in which children, normal children ages 9-10 approach and carry out the task of creating a ‘World’ in the sand tray. A clinical group comprised of abused and neglected children was evaluated to determine how they approached the task. Both groups were videotaped and the taped sessions were viewed and evaluated by trained raters. The final scenes were evaluated using a scoring protocol and the similarities and differences between the two groups were studied. The findings showed that non-clinical children ages 9-10 do demonstrate similar behaviors in approaching and carrying out the task of creating a World in the sand. Findings also indicated that 9 and 10 year olds create scenes that have similar characteristics that are likely related to their developmental stage. In comparing the process and completed scene of non-clinical children to those of clinical children, differences were seen implicating the use of sand tray as a diagnostic tool to be promising. Differences were also seen between boys and girls suggesting that gender differences do exist.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Petruk, Leslie H."],"institution":"Southwest Texas State University","degree_name":"Master of Arts","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Educational Administration and Psychological Services","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Homeyer, Linda E."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Scholwinski, Edward J.","Raffeld, Paul C."],"year":1996,"date_issued":"1996-12","date_published":"1996-12","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:22:39Z","subjects":["sandplay","play assessment","symbolic play","symbolism","children"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10877/21050","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Homeyer, Linda E."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Scholwinski, Edward J.","Raffeld, Paul C."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Petruk, Leslie H."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-05-30T18:55:35Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1996-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Educational Administration and Psychological Services"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Southwest Texas State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["sandplay","play assessment","symbolic play","symbolism","children"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10877/21050"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This descriptive study was designed to evaluate the way in which children, normal children ages 9-10 approach and carry out the task of creating a ‘World’ in the sand tray. 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