{"id":{"repo_id":"texas-state","oai_identifier":"oai:digital.library.txst.edu:10877/20288"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/texas-state/oai:digital.library.txst.edu:10877/20288","repository":{"repo_id":"texas-state","name":"Texas State University","base_url":"https://digital.library.txst.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Effects of Water-Soluble Binders on Direct Ink Writing Silicon Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries","abstract":"The development of lithium (Li)–ion batteries still stand as one of the most promising options, especially as global energy storage demands have surged. One of the main limiting factors in the performance of a Li-ion battery is the anode material. The current anode material that is commonly being used in the present market is graphite on copper foil, which is effective but is expensive, has limited availability, and the theoretical specific capacity is only 327 mAh/g. Studying materials that are more economical and have higher theoretical capacity material has been of importance for recent research and silicon (Si) has been one of the best viable contenders for it. Si is not only abundant but also has the highest theoretical capacities 3,571 mAh/g. This research leverages silicon (Si) for its high theoretical specific capacity and employs direct ink writing (DIW), an additive manufacturing method, to fabricate intricate in-house anodes. These anodes are tailored for small electronics, sensors, or medical devices, highlighting the potential of DIW in creating complex-shaped electrodes. A significant aspect of the study is to evaluate water soluble binders on the performance of the printed electrodes. This research aims to elucidate how these binders influence the electrochemical characteristics and structural integrity of DIW-printed silicon anodes, potentially advancing the design and development of high- performance batteries for specialized applications. Si anodes printed with DIW present an opportunity to create portable and flexible Li-ion batteries with high energy density and customized architectures. A novel, economical Si-based anode printed using the additive manufacturing technique of DIW (Hyrel printer) was developed, and electrochemical performance has been studied to propose the best water-soluble binder concentration. The electrochemical performance of Si anodes was examined through six different slurry compositions using a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), integrating varying concentrations of them, to ascertain their influence on the measured specific capacities and coulombic efficiencies. The results illustrate a nuanced relationship between binder composition and battery performance. It was observed that PEDOT:PSS with 10 wt% resulted in a lower specific capacity when compared to a 5 wt% each for PEDOT:PSS + CMC slurry. However, the integration of CMC was pivotal, displaying how high mass loaded anodes can be made using an adhesive binder like CMC, which tends to have lower capacity but has the potential of improvement when combined with a conductive binder like PEDOT:PSS. The electrochemical apex was thus achieved with a slurry composition devoid of PAA, utilizing equal parts CMC and PEDOT:PSS, which yielded the highest specific capacity, combining the merits of CMC's increased mass loading capabilities due to adhesion to the Cu surface combined with the inherently conductive nature of PEDOT:PSS, showcasing a synergistic effect. This PEDOT:PSS + CMC combination gave a measured specific capacity of 1,323 mAh/g (0.2 C) and 1,260 mAh/g (0.5 C) after 30 cycles with the active mass loading of 3.03 mg. The columbic efficiency achieved was 96.68 % at 0.2 C and 94.98% at 0.5 C post 30 cycles of this slurry. This research significantly contributes to the insight of binder concentration effects of electrochemical performance of Si anodes and by demonstrating the efficacy of the DIW method as a manufacturing method of such anodes. The optimization of water-soluble binder composition for the performance of Si anodes combined with the use of additive manufacturing technique of DIW is a novel approach that can lead to the advancement of flexible and complex shaped anode suitable for a variety of applications. The findings pave the way for the realization of high-energy- density Li-ion batteries, marking a significant stride in the pursuit of greater mobility, convenience, and efficiency in power source.","abstract_html":"The development of lithium (Li)–ion batteries still stand as one of the most promising options, especially as global energy storage demands have surged. One of the main limiting factors in the performance of a Li-ion battery is the anode material. The current anode material that is commonly being used in the present market is graphite on copper foil, which is effective but is expensive, has limited availability, and the theoretical specific capacity is only 327 mAh/g. Studying materials that are more economical and have higher theoretical capacity material has been of importance for recent research and silicon (Si) has been one of the best viable contenders for it. Si is not only abundant but also has the highest theoretical capacities 3,571 mAh/g. This research leverages silicon (Si) for its high theoretical specific capacity and employs direct ink writing (DIW), an additive manufacturing method, to fabricate intricate in-house anodes. These anodes are tailored for small electronics, sensors, or medical devices, highlighting the potential of DIW in creating complex-shaped electrodes. A significant aspect of the study is to evaluate water soluble binders on the performance of the printed electrodes. This research aims to elucidate how these binders influence the electrochemical characteristics and structural integrity of DIW-printed silicon anodes, potentially advancing the design and development of high- performance batteries for specialized applications. Si anodes printed with DIW present an opportunity to create portable and flexible Li-ion batteries with high energy density and customized architectures. A novel, economical Si-based anode printed using the additive manufacturing technique of DIW (Hyrel printer) was developed, and electrochemical performance has been studied to propose the best water-soluble binder concentration. The electrochemical performance of Si anodes was examined through six different slurry compositions using a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), integrating varying concentrations of them, to ascertain their influence on the measured specific capacities and coulombic efficiencies. The results illustrate a nuanced relationship between binder composition and battery performance. It was observed that PEDOT:PSS with 10 wt% resulted in a lower specific capacity when compared to a 5 wt% each for PEDOT:PSS + CMC slurry. However, the integration of CMC was pivotal, displaying how high mass loaded anodes can be made using an adhesive binder like CMC, which tends to have lower capacity but has the potential of improvement when combined with a conductive binder like PEDOT:PSS. The electrochemical apex was thus achieved with a slurry composition devoid of PAA, utilizing equal parts CMC and PEDOT:PSS, which yielded the highest specific capacity, combining the merits of CMC's increased mass loading capabilities due to adhesion to the Cu surface combined with the inherently conductive nature of PEDOT:PSS, showcasing a synergistic effect. This PEDOT:PSS + CMC combination gave a measured specific capacity of 1,323 mAh/g (0.2 C) and 1,260 mAh/g (0.5 C) after 30 cycles with the active mass loading of 3.03 mg. The columbic efficiency achieved was 96.68 % at 0.2 C and 94.98% at 0.5 C post 30 cycles of this slurry. This research significantly contributes to the insight of binder concentration effects of electrochemical performance of Si anodes and by demonstrating the efficacy of the DIW method as a manufacturing method of such anodes. The optimization of water-soluble binder composition for the performance of Si anodes combined with the use of additive manufacturing technique of DIW is a novel approach that can lead to the advancement of flexible and complex shaped anode suitable for a variety of applications. The findings pave the way for the realization of high-energy- density Li-ion batteries, marking a significant stride in the pursuit of greater mobility, convenience, and efficiency in power source.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kala, Rijul"],"institution":"Texas State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Kim, Namwon"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Emami, Anahita","Asiabanpour, Bahram"],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-05","date_published":"2024-05","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:22:37Z","subjects":["li-ion batteries","direct ink writing","silicon anodes","water-soluble binders"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10877/20288","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Kim, Namwon"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Emami, Anahita","Asiabanpour, Bahram"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kala, Rijul"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-01-31T19:07:28Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-01-31T19:07:28Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Texas State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["li-ion batteries","direct ink writing","silicon anodes","water-soluble binders"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10877/20288"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The development of lithium (Li)–ion batteries still stand as one of the most promising options, especially as global energy storage demands have surged. One of the main limiting factors in the performance of a Li-ion battery is the anode material. The current anode material that is commonly being used in the present market is graphite on copper foil, which is effective but is expensive, has limited availability, and the theoretical specific capacity is only 327 mAh/g. Studying materials that are more economical and have higher theoretical capacity material has been of importance for recent research and silicon (Si) has been one of the best viable contenders for it. Si is not only abundant but also has the highest theoretical capacities 3,571 mAh/g. This research leverages silicon (Si) for its high theoretical specific capacity and employs direct ink writing (DIW), an additive manufacturing method, to fabricate intricate in-house anodes. These anodes are tailored for small electronics, sensors, or medical devices, highlighting the potential of DIW in creating complex-shaped electrodes. A significant aspect of the study is to evaluate water soluble binders on the performance of the printed electrodes. This research aims to elucidate how these binders influence the electrochemical characteristics and structural integrity of DIW-printed silicon anodes, potentially advancing the design and development of high- performance batteries for specialized applications. Si anodes printed with DIW present an opportunity to create portable and flexible Li-ion batteries with high energy density and customized architectures. A novel, economical Si-based anode printed using the additive manufacturing technique of DIW (Hyrel printer) was developed, and electrochemical performance has been studied to propose the best water-soluble binder concentration. The electrochemical performance of Si anodes was examined through six different slurry compositions using a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), integrating varying concentrations of them, to ascertain their influence on the measured specific capacities and coulombic efficiencies. The results illustrate a nuanced relationship between binder composition and battery performance. It was observed that PEDOT:PSS with 10 wt% resulted in a lower specific capacity when compared to a 5 wt% each for PEDOT:PSS + CMC slurry. However, the integration of CMC was pivotal, displaying how high mass loaded anodes can be made using an adhesive binder like CMC, which tends to have lower capacity but has the potential of improvement when combined with a conductive binder like PEDOT:PSS. The electrochemical apex was thus achieved with a slurry composition devoid of PAA, utilizing equal parts CMC and PEDOT:PSS, which yielded the highest specific capacity, combining the merits of CMC's increased mass loading capabilities due to adhesion to the Cu surface combined with the inherently conductive nature of PEDOT:PSS, showcasing a synergistic effect. This PEDOT:PSS + CMC combination gave a measured specific capacity of 1,323 mAh/g (0.2 C) and 1,260 mAh/g (0.5 C) after 30 cycles with the active mass loading of 3.03 mg. The columbic efficiency achieved was 96.68 % at 0.2 C and 94.98% at 0.5 C post 30 cycles of this slurry. This research significantly contributes to the insight of binder concentration effects of electrochemical performance of Si anodes and by demonstrating the efficacy of the DIW method as a manufacturing method of such anodes. The optimization of water-soluble binder composition for the performance of Si anodes combined with the use of additive manufacturing technique of DIW is a novel approach that can lead to the advancement of flexible and complex shaped anode suitable for a variety of applications. The findings pave the way for the realization of high-energy- density Li-ion batteries, marking a significant stride in the pursuit of greater mobility, convenience, and efficiency in power source."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["Text"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["1 file (.pdf)"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of Water-Soluble Binders on Direct Ink Writing Silicon Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Kim, Namwon"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Emami, Anahita","Asiabanpour, Bahram"],"dc:creator":["Kala, Rijul"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-01-31T19:07:28Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-01-31T19:07:28Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024-05"],"dc:description.abstract":["The development of lithium (Li)–ion batteries still stand as one of the most promising options, especially as global energy storage demands have surged. One of the main limiting factors in the performance of a Li-ion battery is the anode material. The current anode material that is commonly being used in the present market is graphite on copper foil, which is effective but is expensive, has limited availability, and the theoretical specific capacity is only 327 mAh/g. Studying materials that are more economical and have higher theoretical capacity material has been of importance for recent research and silicon (Si) has been one of the best viable contenders for it. Si is not only abundant but also has the highest theoretical capacities 3,571 mAh/g. This research leverages silicon (Si) for its high theoretical specific capacity and employs direct ink writing (DIW), an additive manufacturing method, to fabricate intricate in-house anodes. These anodes are tailored for small electronics, sensors, or medical devices, highlighting the potential of DIW in creating complex-shaped electrodes. A significant aspect of the study is to evaluate water soluble binders on the performance of the printed electrodes. This research aims to elucidate how these binders influence the electrochemical characteristics and structural integrity of DIW-printed silicon anodes, potentially advancing the design and development of high- performance batteries for specialized applications. Si anodes printed with DIW present an opportunity to create portable and flexible Li-ion batteries with high energy density and customized architectures. A novel, economical Si-based anode printed using the additive manufacturing technique of DIW (Hyrel printer) was developed, and electrochemical performance has been studied to propose the best water-soluble binder concentration. The electrochemical performance of Si anodes was examined through six different slurry compositions using a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), integrating varying concentrations of them, to ascertain their influence on the measured specific capacities and coulombic efficiencies. The results illustrate a nuanced relationship between binder composition and battery performance. It was observed that PEDOT:PSS with 10 wt% resulted in a lower specific capacity when compared to a 5 wt% each for PEDOT:PSS + CMC slurry. However, the integration of CMC was pivotal, displaying how high mass loaded anodes can be made using an adhesive binder like CMC, which tends to have lower capacity but has the potential of improvement when combined with a conductive binder like PEDOT:PSS. The electrochemical apex was thus achieved with a slurry composition devoid of PAA, utilizing equal parts CMC and PEDOT:PSS, which yielded the highest specific capacity, combining the merits of CMC's increased mass loading capabilities due to adhesion to the Cu surface combined with the inherently conductive nature of PEDOT:PSS, showcasing a synergistic effect. This PEDOT:PSS + CMC combination gave a measured specific capacity of 1,323 mAh/g (0.2 C) and 1,260 mAh/g (0.5 C) after 30 cycles with the active mass loading of 3.03 mg. The columbic efficiency achieved was 96.68 % at 0.2 C and 94.98% at 0.5 C post 30 cycles of this slurry. This research significantly contributes to the insight of binder concentration effects of electrochemical performance of Si anodes and by demonstrating the efficacy of the DIW method as a manufacturing method of such anodes. The optimization of water-soluble binder composition for the performance of Si anodes combined with the use of additive manufacturing technique of DIW is a novel approach that can lead to the advancement of flexible and complex shaped anode suitable for a variety of applications. The findings pave the way for the realization of high-energy- density Li-ion batteries, marking a significant stride in the pursuit of greater mobility, convenience, and efficiency in power source."],"dc:format":["Text"],"dc:format.medium":["1 file (.pdf)"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10877/20288"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["li-ion batteries","direct ink writing","silicon anodes","water-soluble binders"],"dc:title":["Effects of Water-Soluble Binders on Direct Ink Writing Silicon Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Texas State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:22:37Z"}