HIV-1 INFECTION OF NEURAL STEM CELLS RESULTS IN COGNITIVE DEFICITS THROUGH ADULT NEUROGENIC MODULATION
type: CreativeWork
description: While antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have significantly decreased the mortality rate in patients with HIV-1 infection and subsequent opportunistic infections, the co-morbidities continue to rise. Some of these co-morbidities include cardiomyopathies, metabolic dysfunction, accelerated aging, and most notably, neurocognitive deficits. HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) denote a spectrum of neurocognitive deficits that are either asymptomatic in nature (asymptomatic neurocognitive impairments, ANI), mild to moderate in intensity (mild neurocognitive disorders, MND), or robust in nature (HIV-associated dementia, HAD). Thanks to the development of ART regimens, the incidence of HAD dramatically decreased. However, the emergence of ANI and MND continues to increase in the HIV-1 patient population. While the multifaceted nature behind the central nervous system (CNS) neuropathology of HIV-1 infection is not completely understood, dysregulated blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and the “Trojan-Horse” type mechanism of HIV-1 infection have been proposed as the cellular mechanisms underlying HAND. HIV-1 infects CD4+ T-lymphocytes and monocytes in the peripheral circulatory system. After these infected cells cross the BBB into the CNS, they release toxic viral proteins and viral particles onto microglia and astrocytes. These glial cells become activated, and release a plethora of inflammatory cytokines that further damage neurons via dysregulated neurotransmitter homeostasis, synaptodendritic damage, and calcium-mediated apoptotic pathways. At the same time, the virus may establish a state of latency in these microglia, perivascular macrophages, and astrocytes, which would allow for the long-term persistence of HIV-1 in the CNS. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of being productively and latently infected with HIV-1. This may be due to the fact that the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), the subventric…
abstract: While antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have significantly decreased the mortality rate in patients with HIV-1 infection and subsequent opportunistic infections, the co-morbidities continue to rise. Some of these co-morbidities include cardiomyopathies, metabolic dysfunction, accelerated aging, and most notably, neurocognitive deficits. HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) denote a spectrum of neurocognitive deficits that are either asymptomatic in nature (asymptomatic neurocognitive impairments, ANI), mild to moderate in intensity (mild neurocognitive disorders, MND), or robust in nature (HIV-associated dementia, HAD). Thanks to the development of ART regimens, the incidence of HAD dramatically decreased. However, the emergence of ANI and MND continues to increase in the HIV-1 patient population. While the multifaceted nature behind the central nervous system (CNS) neuropathology of HIV-1 infection is not completely understood, dysregulated blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and the “Trojan-Horse” type mechanism of HIV-1 infection have been proposed as the cellular mechanisms underlying HAND. HIV-1 infects CD4+ T-lymphocytes and monocytes in the peripheral circulatory system. After these infected cells cross the BBB into the CNS, they release toxic viral proteins and viral particles onto microglia and astrocytes. These glial cells become activated, and release a plethora of inflammatory cytokines that further damage neurons via dysregulated neurotransmitter homeostasis, synaptodendritic damage, and calcium-mediated apoptotic pathways. At the same time, the virus may establish a state of latency in these microglia, perivascular macrophages, and astrocytes, which would allow for the long-term persistence of HIV-1 in the CNS. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of being productively and latently infected with HIV-1. This may be due to the fact that the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), the subventric…
author: Putatunda, Raj
language: eng
keywords: Neurosciences, Virology, Cellular biology, Adult neurogenesis, Behavior, Hand, HIV-1, Neural stem cells
license: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
date published: 2018
date modified: 2026-07-27T21:22:14Z
provider: Temple University
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Temple University. Libraries

PropertyValue
property ID: Handle
value: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/2198