The objective of my graduate research is to understand the oxidation in heterostructured transition metal-based core/alloy nanostructures and to design protocol towards the synthesis of oxidation resistant stainless-steel nanoparticles. To this effect, I employed bottom-up wet chemistry approach to synthesize multi-shell Fe/CrxNi1-x NPs, bimetallic FexCr1-x alloy NPs, and Fe/Ni core/shell NPs. I performed the morphological analysis of these NPs via transmission electron microscopes (TEM/HRTEM), structural characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal property analysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), organic ligand characterization using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and absorption spectra using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In chapter 2, synthesis of mixed shell Fe/Cr/Ni, Fe/Ni/Cr, and Fe/CrxNi1-x core/alloy nanoparticles (CA-NPs) is investigated, where chromium and nickel carbonyl-based precursors are used for depositing various shell combinations. Oxidation in these NPs is studied as a function of shell thickness and shell-deposition routes, and diffusion data for Fe/Cr, Fe/Ni, and Fe/CrNi core/shell NP systems is provided. In chapter 3, I describe the synthesis of cube-shaped FexCr1-x alloy NPs, oxidation and the subsequent formation of internal voids. HRTEM images of oxidized alloy NPs are analyzed to understand the extent of internal void formation as a function of oxidation conditions. In chapter 4, I explore how grain boundary diffusion and interfacial thermodynamics dictates the alloying of core-shell nanoparticles as a function of annealing temperature. The importance of interfacial effects on thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics is described and examined in light of the observed temperature dependent alloying of synthesized α- phase Fe/Ni nanoparticles, into γ-phase Fe/FexNi1-x core alloy nanoparticles. In final chapter, I summarize the research, discuss the scope and future prospects in this research area.
","abstract_html":"<p>The objective of my graduate research is to understand the oxidation in heterostructured transition metal-based core/alloy nanostructures and to design protocol towards the synthesis of oxidation resistant stainless-steel nanoparticles. To this effect, I employed bottom-up wet chemistry approach to synthesize multi-shell Fe/CrxNi1-x NPs, bimetallic FexCr1-x alloy NPs, and Fe/Ni core/shell NPs. I performed the morphological analysis of these NPs via transmission electron microscopes (TEM/HRTEM), structural characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal property analysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), organic ligand characterization using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and absorption spectra using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In chapter 2, synthesis of mixed shell Fe/Cr/Ni, Fe/Ni/Cr, and Fe/CrxNi1-x core/alloy nanoparticles (CA-NPs) is investigated, where chromium and nickel carbonyl-based precursors are used for depositing various shell combinations. Oxidation in these NPs is studied as a function of shell thickness and shell-deposition routes, and diffusion data for Fe/Cr, Fe/Ni, and Fe/CrNi core/shell NP systems is provided. In chapter 3, I describe the synthesis of cube-shaped FexCr1-x alloy NPs, oxidation and the subsequent formation of internal voids. HRTEM images of oxidized alloy NPs are analyzed to understand the extent of internal void formation as a function of oxidation conditions. In chapter 4, I explore how grain boundary diffusion and interfacial thermodynamics dictates the alloying of core-shell nanoparticles as a function of annealing temperature. The importance of interfacial effects on thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics is described and examined in light of the observed temperature dependent alloying of synthesized α- phase Fe/Ni nanoparticles, into γ-phase Fe/FexNi1-x core alloy nanoparticles. In final chapter, I summarize the research, discuss the scope and future prospects in this research area.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pathade, Laxmikant"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Jesse Bond","Mathew M. Maye"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-08-24T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2018-08-24T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:55:37Z","subjects":["Core/Alloy Nanoparticles","Corrosion Resistance","Hollow Nanoparticles","Internal Voids","Stainless-Steel Nanoparticles","Transition Metal Alloys","Physical Sciences and Mathematics"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://surface.syr.edu/etd/931","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Jesse Bond","Mathew M. 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To this effect, I employed bottom-up wet chemistry approach to synthesize multi-shell Fe/CrxNi1-x NPs, bimetallic FexCr1-x alloy NPs, and Fe/Ni core/shell NPs. I performed the morphological analysis of these NPs via transmission electron microscopes (TEM/HRTEM), structural characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal property analysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), organic ligand characterization using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and absorption spectra using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In chapter 2, synthesis of mixed shell Fe/Cr/Ni, Fe/Ni/Cr, and Fe/CrxNi1-x core/alloy nanoparticles (CA-NPs) is investigated, where chromium and nickel carbonyl-based precursors are used for depositing various shell combinations. Oxidation in these NPs is studied as a function of shell thickness and shell-deposition routes, and diffusion data for Fe/Cr, Fe/Ni, and Fe/CrNi core/shell NP systems is provided. In chapter 3, I describe the synthesis of cube-shaped FexCr1-x alloy NPs, oxidation and the subsequent formation of internal voids. HRTEM images of oxidized alloy NPs are analyzed to understand the extent of internal void formation as a function of oxidation conditions. In chapter 4, I explore how grain boundary diffusion and interfacial thermodynamics dictates the alloying of core-shell nanoparticles as a function of annealing temperature. The importance of interfacial effects on thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics is described and examined in light of the observed temperature dependent alloying of synthesized α- phase Fe/Ni nanoparticles, into γ-phase Fe/FexNi1-x core alloy nanoparticles. In final chapter, I summarize the research, discuss the scope and future prospects in this research area.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF STAINLESS-STEEL NANOPARTICLES: OXIDATION BEHAVIOR AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Jesse Bond","Mathew M. Maye"],"dc:creator":["Pathade, Laxmikant"],"dc:description.abstract":["The objective of my graduate research is to understand the oxidation in heterostructured transition metal-based core/alloy nanostructures and to design protocol towards the synthesis of oxidation resistant stainless-steel nanoparticles. To this effect, I employed bottom-up wet chemistry approach to synthesize multi-shell Fe/CrxNi1-x NPs, bimetallic FexCr1-x alloy NPs, and Fe/Ni core/shell NPs. I performed the morphological analysis of these NPs via transmission electron microscopes (TEM/HRTEM), structural characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal property analysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), organic ligand characterization using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and absorption spectra using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In chapter 2, synthesis of mixed shell Fe/Cr/Ni, Fe/Ni/Cr, and Fe/CrxNi1-x core/alloy nanoparticles (CA-NPs) is investigated, where chromium and nickel carbonyl-based precursors are used for depositing various shell combinations. Oxidation in these NPs is studied as a function of shell thickness and shell-deposition routes, and diffusion data for Fe/Cr, Fe/Ni, and Fe/CrNi core/shell NP systems is provided. In chapter 3, I describe the synthesis of cube-shaped FexCr1-x alloy NPs, oxidation and the subsequent formation of internal voids. HRTEM images of oxidized alloy NPs are analyzed to understand the extent of internal void formation as a function of oxidation conditions. In chapter 4, I explore how grain boundary diffusion and interfacial thermodynamics dictates the alloying of core-shell nanoparticles as a function of annealing temperature. The importance of interfacial effects on thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics is described and examined in light of the observed temperature dependent alloying of synthesized α- phase Fe/Ni nanoparticles, into γ-phase Fe/FexNi1-x core alloy nanoparticles. In final chapter, I summarize the research, discuss the scope and future prospects in this research area.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://surface.syr.edu/etd/931"],"dc:subject":["Core/Alloy Nanoparticles","Corrosion Resistance","Hollow Nanoparticles","Internal Voids","Stainless-Steel Nanoparticles","Transition Metal Alloys","Physical Sciences and Mathematics"],"dc:title":["DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF STAINLESS-STEEL NANOPARTICLES: OXIDATION BEHAVIOR AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:55:37Z"}