{"id":{"repo_id":"strathclyde","oai_identifier":"oai:strathclyde:5m60qr95r"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/strathclyde/oai:strathclyde:5m60qr95r","repository":{"repo_id":"strathclyde","name":"University of Strathclyde","base_url":"https://stax.strath.ac.uk/catalog/oai"},"display":{"title":"Investigating state-dependent pontine cholinergic activity during REM sleep and P-waves in vivo","abstract":"Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a behavioural state during which phasic deflections in pontine LFP, known as pontine waves (P-waves), occur most prominently. Cholinergic pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPT/LDT) neurons have been implicated in the generation mechanisms of both REM sleep and P-waves. However, given that the PPT/LDT also contains glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and is surrounded by other sleep-wake regulating structures, the functional role of cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons has been difficult to discern with traditional electrophysiological, lesion and pharmacological studies.;Consequently, contradictory results have been reported and a clear understanding of cell-type specific neural dynamics during REM sleep and P-waves is still lacking. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesised that cholinergic PPT/LDT neuronal activity is correlated with REM sleep initiation and P-waves. To investigate this, a fibre photometry system was designed and built to simultaneously monitor GCaMP6s fluorescence activity from cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons, EEG/EMG signals for polysomnography and pontine LFP for P-wave detection during the sleep-wake cycle in freely moving mice.;Results show that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity is greatest during REM sleep, with underlying rhythmic fluctuations. P-waves were more frequent during REM sleep and for the first time, this study shows that P-waves during REM sleep coincide with larger increases in calcium transients compared to NREM sleep in mice. Additionally, peaks in GCaMP6s fluorescence peaks co-occur with P-wave during REM sleep. As sleep disturbances and cholinergic degeneration are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a pilot study was carried out to investigate the effects of AD pathology on sleep, PPT/LDT cholinergic activity and P-waves.;Preliminary results show that sleep disturbances were more profound in aging 5XFAD mice, a mouse model of AD, compared to controls. It is concluded that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity coincides with REM sleep initiation and P-waves, however functional studies are required to determine the causal relationship for both phenomena.","abstract_html":"Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a behavioural state during which phasic deflections in pontine LFP, known as pontine waves (P-waves), occur most prominently. Cholinergic pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPT/LDT) neurons have been implicated in the generation mechanisms of both REM sleep and P-waves. However, given that the PPT/LDT also contains glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and is surrounded by other sleep-wake regulating structures, the functional role of cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons has been difficult to discern with traditional electrophysiological, lesion and pharmacological studies.;Consequently, contradictory results have been reported and a clear understanding of cell-type specific neural dynamics during REM sleep and P-waves is still lacking. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesised that cholinergic PPT/LDT neuronal activity is correlated with REM sleep initiation and P-waves. To investigate this, a fibre photometry system was designed and built to simultaneously monitor GCaMP6s fluorescence activity from cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons, EEG/EMG signals for polysomnography and pontine LFP for P-wave detection during the sleep-wake cycle in freely moving mice.;Results show that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity is greatest during REM sleep, with underlying rhythmic fluctuations. P-waves were more frequent during REM sleep and for the first time, this study shows that P-waves during REM sleep coincide with larger increases in calcium transients compared to NREM sleep in mice. Additionally, peaks in GCaMP6s fluorescence peaks co-occur with P-wave during REM sleep. As sleep disturbances and cholinergic degeneration are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a pilot study was carried out to investigate the effects of AD pathology on sleep, PPT/LDT cholinergic activity and P-waves.;Preliminary results show that sleep disturbances were more profound in aging 5XFAD mice, a mouse model of AD, compared to controls. It is concluded that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity coincides with REM sleep initiation and P-waves, however functional studies are required to determine the causal relationship for both phenomena.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Patel, Amisha"],"institution":"University of Strathclyde","degree_name":"phd","degree_level":"doctoral-pg","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Sakata, Shuzo"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020","date_published":"2020","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:53:53Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["10.48730/ykcz-5r54"],"render_values":[{"text":"10.48730/ykcz-5r54","href":"https://doi.org/10.48730/ykcz-5r54","code":true}]},{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["T15643"],"render_values":[{"text":"T15643","href":null,"code":true}]},{"key":"dc:creator.authoridentifier","label":"Author Identifier","values":["201665424"],"render_values":[{"text":"201665424","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://stax.strath.ac.uk/concern/theses/5m60qr95r","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Sakata, Shuzo"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Patel, Amisha"]},{"key":"dc:creator.authoridentifier","label":"Author Identifier","values":["201665424"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2020"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Strathclyde"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral-pg"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["phd"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["T15643"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["10.48730/ykcz-5r54"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://stax.strath.ac.uk/concern/theses/5m60qr95r"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a behavioural state during which phasic deflections in pontine LFP, known as pontine waves (P-waves), occur most prominently. Cholinergic pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPT/LDT) neurons have been implicated in the generation mechanisms of both REM sleep and P-waves. However, given that the PPT/LDT also contains glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and is surrounded by other sleep-wake regulating structures, the functional role of cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons has been difficult to discern with traditional electrophysiological, lesion and pharmacological studies.;Consequently, contradictory results have been reported and a clear understanding of cell-type specific neural dynamics during REM sleep and P-waves is still lacking. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesised that cholinergic PPT/LDT neuronal activity is correlated with REM sleep initiation and P-waves. To investigate this, a fibre photometry system was designed and built to simultaneously monitor GCaMP6s fluorescence activity from cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons, EEG/EMG signals for polysomnography and pontine LFP for P-wave detection during the sleep-wake cycle in freely moving mice.;Results show that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity is greatest during REM sleep, with underlying rhythmic fluctuations. P-waves were more frequent during REM sleep and for the first time, this study shows that P-waves during REM sleep coincide with larger increases in calcium transients compared to NREM sleep in mice. Additionally, peaks in GCaMP6s fluorescence peaks co-occur with P-wave during REM sleep. As sleep disturbances and cholinergic degeneration are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a pilot study was carried out to investigate the effects of AD pathology on sleep, PPT/LDT cholinergic activity and P-waves.;Preliminary results show that sleep disturbances were more profound in aging 5XFAD mice, a mouse model of AD, compared to controls. It is concluded that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity coincides with REM sleep initiation and P-waves, however functional studies are required to determine the causal relationship for both phenomena."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a behavioural state during which phasic deflections in pontine LFP, known as pontine waves (P-waves), occur most prominently. Cholinergic pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPT/LDT) neurons have been implicated in the generation mechanisms of both REM sleep and P-waves. However, given that the PPT/LDT also contains glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and is surrounded by other sleep-wake regulating structures, the functional role of cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons has been difficult to discern with traditional electrophysiological, lesion and pharmacological studies.;Consequently, contradictory results have been reported and a clear understanding of cell-type specific neural dynamics during REM sleep and P-waves is still lacking. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesised that cholinergic PPT/LDT neuronal activity is correlated with REM sleep initiation and P-waves. To investigate this, a fibre photometry system was designed and built to simultaneously monitor GCaMP6s fluorescence activity from cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons, EEG/EMG signals for polysomnography and pontine LFP for P-wave detection during the sleep-wake cycle in freely moving mice.;Results show that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity is greatest during REM sleep, with underlying rhythmic fluctuations. P-waves were more frequent during REM sleep and for the first time, this study shows that P-waves during REM sleep coincide with larger increases in calcium transients compared to NREM sleep in mice. Additionally, peaks in GCaMP6s fluorescence peaks co-occur with P-wave during REM sleep. As sleep disturbances and cholinergic degeneration are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a pilot study was carried out to investigate the effects of AD pathology on sleep, PPT/LDT cholinergic activity and P-waves.;Preliminary results show that sleep disturbances were more profound in aging 5XFAD mice, a mouse model of AD, compared to controls. It is concluded that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity coincides with REM sleep initiation and P-waves, however functional studies are required to determine the causal relationship for both phenomena."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigating state-dependent pontine cholinergic activity during REM sleep and P-waves in vivo"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Sakata, Shuzo"],"dc:creator":["Patel, Amisha"],"dc:creator.authoridentifier":["201665424"],"dc:date":["2020"],"dc:date.issued":["2020"],"dc:description":["Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a behavioural state during which phasic deflections in pontine LFP, known as pontine waves (P-waves), occur most prominently. Cholinergic pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPT/LDT) neurons have been implicated in the generation mechanisms of both REM sleep and P-waves. However, given that the PPT/LDT also contains glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and is surrounded by other sleep-wake regulating structures, the functional role of cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons has been difficult to discern with traditional electrophysiological, lesion and pharmacological studies.;Consequently, contradictory results have been reported and a clear understanding of cell-type specific neural dynamics during REM sleep and P-waves is still lacking. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesised that cholinergic PPT/LDT neuronal activity is correlated with REM sleep initiation and P-waves. To investigate this, a fibre photometry system was designed and built to simultaneously monitor GCaMP6s fluorescence activity from cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons, EEG/EMG signals for polysomnography and pontine LFP for P-wave detection during the sleep-wake cycle in freely moving mice.;Results show that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity is greatest during REM sleep, with underlying rhythmic fluctuations. P-waves were more frequent during REM sleep and for the first time, this study shows that P-waves during REM sleep coincide with larger increases in calcium transients compared to NREM sleep in mice. Additionally, peaks in GCaMP6s fluorescence peaks co-occur with P-wave during REM sleep. As sleep disturbances and cholinergic degeneration are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a pilot study was carried out to investigate the effects of AD pathology on sleep, PPT/LDT cholinergic activity and P-waves.;Preliminary results show that sleep disturbances were more profound in aging 5XFAD mice, a mouse model of AD, compared to controls. It is concluded that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity coincides with REM sleep initiation and P-waves, however functional studies are required to determine the causal relationship for both phenomena."],"dc:description.abstract":["Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a behavioural state during which phasic deflections in pontine LFP, known as pontine waves (P-waves), occur most prominently. Cholinergic pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPT/LDT) neurons have been implicated in the generation mechanisms of both REM sleep and P-waves. However, given that the PPT/LDT also contains glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and is surrounded by other sleep-wake regulating structures, the functional role of cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons has been difficult to discern with traditional electrophysiological, lesion and pharmacological studies.;Consequently, contradictory results have been reported and a clear understanding of cell-type specific neural dynamics during REM sleep and P-waves is still lacking. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesised that cholinergic PPT/LDT neuronal activity is correlated with REM sleep initiation and P-waves. To investigate this, a fibre photometry system was designed and built to simultaneously monitor GCaMP6s fluorescence activity from cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons, EEG/EMG signals for polysomnography and pontine LFP for P-wave detection during the sleep-wake cycle in freely moving mice.;Results show that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity is greatest during REM sleep, with underlying rhythmic fluctuations. P-waves were more frequent during REM sleep and for the first time, this study shows that P-waves during REM sleep coincide with larger increases in calcium transients compared to NREM sleep in mice. Additionally, peaks in GCaMP6s fluorescence peaks co-occur with P-wave during REM sleep. As sleep disturbances and cholinergic degeneration are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a pilot study was carried out to investigate the effects of AD pathology on sleep, PPT/LDT cholinergic activity and P-waves.;Preliminary results show that sleep disturbances were more profound in aging 5XFAD mice, a mouse model of AD, compared to controls. It is concluded that cholinergic PPT/LDT activity coincides with REM sleep initiation and P-waves, however functional studies are required to determine the causal relationship for both phenomena."],"dc:identifier":["T15643"],"dc:identifier.doi":["10.48730/ykcz-5r54"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://stax.strath.ac.uk/concern/theses/5m60qr95r"],"dc:publisher.department":["Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Strathclyde"],"dc:title":["Investigating state-dependent pontine cholinergic activity during REM sleep and P-waves in vivo"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["doctoral-pg"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["phd"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:53:53Z"}