Development of a Low-Cost System for Monitoring Root Growth Dynamics
type: CreativeWork
description: Understanding root system dynamics is crucial for improving plant resilience and optimising resource allocation in agriculture and forestry. Despite the importance of monitoring root dynamics, roots remain diﬃcult to study because of their below-ground structure. Minirhizotrons – root imaging tools that use transparent tubes installed in the soil to allow for the non-destructive, in situ observation of plant roots – oﬀer a non-invasive solution for capturing root images over time. However, existing products are typically expensive or manually operated. These limitations restrict access to dynamic root data, particularly for small-scale research. The solution presented in this study bridges this gap through the development of a low-cost and automated minirhizotron to collect dynamic root data non-invasively. This automated data collection system was integrated with a deep-learning root segmentation model and feature extraction algorithms for quantifying key root traits over time. The minirhizotron hardware was constructed from a glass cylinder for high optical clarity, controlled by a RPi Zero 2 W and ZeroCam module, and powered by 5 000 mAh LiPo batteries and a solar panel for long-term operation in ﬁeld-like conditions. Custom scripts on the RPi Zero 2W were developed to automate image capture, illumination and wireless image transmission. The system was installed in an outdoor nursery and left unattended for a period of 52 days, capturing images at frequent intervals. The total cost of this system was R2 774 – substantially lower than existing commercial alternatives, improving the accessibility of dynamic root data to small-scale research and making large-scale deployment ﬁnancially feasible. To segment the roots from the minirhizotron data, a deep-learning model was trained on an external dataset of 62 000 annotated minirhizotron images, spanning ﬁve root species and diverse soil conditions. The ﬁnal segmentation model achieved an accuracy of 98,7% and a loss of…
abstract: Understanding root system dynamics is crucial for improving plant resilience and optimising resource allocation in agriculture and forestry. Despite the importance of monitoring root dynamics, roots remain diﬃcult to study because of their below-ground structure. Minirhizotrons – root imaging tools that use transparent tubes installed in the soil to allow for the non-destructive, in situ observation of plant roots – oﬀer a non-invasive solution for capturing root images over time. However, existing products are typically expensive or manually operated. These limitations restrict access to dynamic root data, particularly for small-scale research. The solution presented in this study bridges this gap through the development of a low-cost and automated minirhizotron to collect dynamic root data non-invasively. This automated data collection system was integrated with a deep-learning root segmentation model and feature extraction algorithms for quantifying key root traits over time. The minirhizotron hardware was constructed from a glass cylinder for high optical clarity, controlled by a RPi Zero 2 W and ZeroCam module, and powered by 5 000 mAh LiPo batteries and a solar panel for long-term operation in ﬁeld-like conditions. Custom scripts on the RPi Zero 2W were developed to automate image capture, illumination and wireless image transmission. The system was installed in an outdoor nursery and left unattended for a period of 52 days, capturing images at frequent intervals. The total cost of this system was R2 774 – substantially lower than existing commercial alternatives, improving the accessibility of dynamic root data to small-scale research and making large-scale deployment ﬁnancially feasible. To segment the roots from the minirhizotron data, a deep-learning model was trained on an external dataset of 62 000 annotated minirhizotron images, spanning ﬁve root species and diverse soil conditions. The ﬁnal segmentation model achieved an accuracy of 98,7% and a loss of…
author: De Raay, Yasmin
language: en
date published: 2026-03
date modified: 2026-07-24T04:40:09Z
provider: Stellenbosch University
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University